A nurse is determining caloric needs for a preschooler who weighs 18 kilograms. Which of the following represents the daily caloric needs for this child?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is C) 1620 calories. To determine the caloric needs for a preschooler, we can use the formula: 80-100 calories per kilogram of body weight. Since the child weighs 18 kilograms, we multiply 18 by the range (80-100) which gives us 1440-1800 calories. The average of this range is 1620 calories, making option C the correct answer. Option A) 1360 calories is too low as it falls below the calculated range for the child's weight. Option B) 1540 calories is also below the calculated range and does not meet the child's caloric needs adequately. Option D) 1800 calories is at the top end of the calculated range, but the average calculation gives a slightly lower value of 1620 calories which is more appropriate for the child's needs. Understanding caloric needs in children is crucial for nurses to ensure proper growth and development. By calculating individualized caloric requirements based on weight and age, nurses can promote optimal health outcomes in pediatric patients. This knowledge is essential in providing personalized care and nutrition guidance to support the well-being of children.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C) Retinoblastoma. Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular tumor in young children, typically diagnosed before the age of 5. This tumor arises from the retina and can lead to vision loss or even loss of the eye if not treated promptly. Understanding this common tumor is crucial for nurses working in pediatric settings to recognize early signs and symptoms, such as leukocoria (white pupil reflex) or strabismus (lazy eye), which can aid in early detection and treatment. Option A) Neuroblastoma is a tumor that typically arises in the adrenal glands or nerve tissue. While neuroblastoma is common in young children, it is not an intraocular tumor. Option B) Wilms tumor is a kidney tumor commonly found in children, but it does not present in the eye. Option D) Leukemia is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow, not an intraocular tumor. Leukemia may present with ocular manifestations, but it is not the most common intraocular tumor in young children. In the context of health promotion and nursing care, understanding the most common tumors in pediatric patients is essential for early identification, intervention, and support for both the child and their family. Nurses play a vital role in health promotion by educating parents about signs and symptoms to watch for, facilitating timely referrals to ophthalmologists for further evaluation, and providing emotional support throughout the diagnostic and treatment process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and health promotion in nursing, understanding effective coping mechanisms in children is crucial for providing holistic care. In this scenario, option C, where the preschooler states what he is upset about, indicates the use of an effective coping mechanism. This behavior demonstrates the child's ability to identify and communicate their emotions, which is a healthy way to express and manage feelings. By verbalizing their emotions, the child is engaging in self-awareness and emotional regulation, which are important skills for mental well-being. On the other hand, options A, B, and D represent less effective coping strategies. Walking away from a situation (option A) may temporarily remove the child from stress but does not address the underlying issue. Blaming others (option B) can lead to avoidance of personal responsibility and hinder the development of problem-solving skills. Having a temper tantrum (option D) is an expression of uncontrolled emotions and does not promote constructive coping mechanisms. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of teaching children healthy coping strategies from a young age. Nurses play a vital role in promoting emotional intelligence and resilience in children, which can positively impact their overall health and well-being. By recognizing and reinforcing effective coping mechanisms, healthcare professionals can support children in developing lifelong skills for managing stress and emotions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and health promotion, understanding the prevalence of eating disorders among adolescent females is crucial for nurses to provide holistic care. The correct answer, B) 10%, is supported by epidemiological data indicating that approximately 10% of adolescent females in the United States experience some form of eating disorder during their teenage years. This statistic underscores the importance of early detection and intervention by healthcare professionals. Option A) 5% is too low and underestimates the prevalence of eating disorders among adolescent females. Option C) 15% and Option D) 20% are both higher than the actual prevalence rate based on current research data. Educationally, knowing the prevalence rates of eating disorders can help nurses in screening, assessment, and referral processes. It highlights the need for health promotion strategies that focus on body image, self-esteem, and healthy relationships with food among adolescents. Understanding these statistics equips nurses with the knowledge to advocate for preventive interventions and provide appropriate support to young individuals at risk for or experiencing eating disorders.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and health promotion, understanding the leading causes of death in adolescents is crucial for nurses to provide holistic care. The correct answer, B) Suicide, is the third leading cause of death in adolescents between 10 and 24 years of age. This knowledge is essential for nurses to assess and intervene in mental health issues among this vulnerable population. Option A) Accidents are a common cause of death in adolescents, but they typically rank higher than third place. Nurses must educate adolescents on safety measures to prevent accidents. Option C) Cancer is a significant cause of death in older age groups but is less common in adolescents. Nurses should still promote healthy lifestyle choices to reduce cancer risk later in life. Option D) Sport injuries, while prevalent in adolescents, are usually not a leading cause of death. Nurses should focus on promoting safe sports participation and injury prevention strategies. Understanding the specific causes of mortality in adolescents helps nurses tailor health promotion strategies to address the most pressing issues and provide targeted interventions to enhance the well-being of this age group.