A nurse is conducting a screening at the local high school, and all community residents have been invited. A large group of people have gathered to have various screening tests done. The nurse has only a regular blood pressure (BP) cuff. Since it will be used on individuals who are extremely obese as well as some students who look anorexic, what might the BP results lack?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reliability. The regular BP cuff may lack reliability in this scenario due to its size not being suitable for extremely obese individuals or very thin students. This can lead to inaccurate BP readings, affecting the reliability of the screening results. Sensitivity (B) refers to the ability of a test to correctly identify those with the condition, specificity (C) refers to the ability to correctly identify those without the condition, and validity (D) refers to the overall accuracy of the test. In this case, the main issue lies in the reliability of the BP cuff for different body types, making it the most appropriate choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: B: They are close friends - This is the correct answer because close friends often share similar interests and values due to spending a significant amount of time together, influencing each other's preferences. A: They are both members of the same birth cohort - Being born in the same time period does not necessarily explain their similarities in preferences. C: They attended the same school - Attending the same school may not directly lead to similarities in preferences unless they were close friends during that time. D: They both go to the same church - Sharing the same religious affiliation does not necessarily explain their similarities in other aspects of life.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Would result in selection bias. Giving surveys only to high school students who are part of school organizations would lead to selection bias because the sample would not be representative of the entire student population. This bias could skew the results and make them less generalizable. A: Classification bias is not relevant in this context as it pertains to errors in categorizing individuals. B: Confounding bias occurs when an extraneous variable influences the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, which is not applicable in this scenario. C: Personal bias involves individual opinions or beliefs affecting data collection or interpretation, but it is not the primary concern in this case. In summary, selecting only students from school organizations would introduce selection bias, making the survey results unreliable for generalizing to the entire student body.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it addresses the primary prevention of CAD through a multi-faceted approach. Starting a heart-healthy curriculum in first grade promotes early education on healthy habits. Presentations on diet and exercise for the community and special education sessions for high-risk populations help increase awareness and knowledge. This comprehensive strategy targets prevention at different levels of the community, making it more effective in reducing the incidence of CAD. Choice B focuses more on individual interventions like online activities and screenings, which may not reach the entire community effectively. Choice C emphasizes education and screenings but lacks a comprehensive approach to prevention compared to Choice A. Choice D focuses on clients already diagnosed with CAD rather than preventing it in the community.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the awareness of human susceptibility to animal diseases has been publicized, leading to a resurgence in focus on contagious infections. This is evident in recent outbreaks like Ebola and COVID-19 originating from animals. The other choices are incorrect because: A focuses on bioterrorism, which is a separate issue from the resurgence of contagious infections; C talks about drug-resistant strains, which is not the primary reason for the renewed focus on contagious infections; D suggests media exaggeration, which may play a role but is not the main reason for the resurgence.