A nurse is concerned about the high incidence of STDs in the community college population and sets up a special STD screening. Which of the following groups of students would be encouraged to attend? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because sexually active students currently receiving treatment for an STD are at a higher risk of contracting and spreading STDs. By encouraging them to attend the screening, the nurse can monitor their progress and prevent further transmission. Choice B is incorrect because students who had been screened the previous year may have engaged in risky behavior since then, so regular screening is necessary. Choice C is incorrect as these students are not currently at risk of STDs, so their attendance is not crucial for this particular screening. Choice D is incorrect because even if students do not engage in penetrative sex, they can still contract and transmit STDs through other sexual activities.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Experimental. In an experimental study, researchers randomly assign participants to different groups to test the effects of an intervention. In this case, participants are randomly assigned to receive either the currently available formulation or the new slow-release formulation of the blood pressure medication. This random assignment helps minimize bias and allows for causal inferences to be drawn. Incorrect Choices: B: Observational studies do not involve random assignment of participants to different groups receiving different interventions. C: Case-control studies compare individuals with a specific outcome to those without the outcome, but do not involve random assignment. D: Cohort studies follow a group of individuals over time based on exposure status, but do not involve random assignment to different interventions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Public health surveillance involves monitoring occurrences of public health problems to identify trends, patterns, and risk factors. This data helps in planning and implementing effective interventions to prevent and control diseases. Choice A is correct as it accurately describes the primary action of surveillance. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to the response to surveillance findings, not the primary purpose. Choice C is incorrect as it focuses on data collection rather than monitoring. Choice D is incorrect as it pertains to contact tracing, which is a specific activity within surveillance but not its primary focus.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prior vaccination with BCG. The rationale is that BCG vaccination can cause false-positive results in Mantoux TST testing due to cross-reactivity with the tuberculin protein. T-Spot testing, which is based on measuring T-cell response to TB antigens, is not affected by BCG vaccination. Summary of incorrect choices: B: Family member who is 10 years of age - Age is not a determining factor in choosing between T-Spot and Mantoux testing. C: Symptoms of night sweats, fevers, chills, and hemoptysis - These symptoms suggest active TB and would require further evaluation, not a choice between T-Spot and Mantoux testing. D: A negative chest X-ray and negative sputum testing for MTB - These results indicate absence of active TB but do not guide the choice between T-Spot and Mantoux testing.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: System for Enteric Disease Response, Investigation, and Coordination (SEDRIC). The CDC would utilize this system specifically for tracking and investigating foodborne illnesses because it is designed to focus on enteric diseases, which includes foodborne illnesses. SEDRIC allows for timely response, investigation, and coordination of efforts related to foodborne illness outbreaks. Option B is left blank (error) and does not provide any information. Option C, National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS), is a system that tracks notifiable diseases but may not specifically focus on foodborne illnesses. Option D, Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN), is an international network designed to respond to global outbreaks, not specifically tailored for tracking and investigating foodborne illnesses within the US.