Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because most states require certification for all specialty roles identified as advanced practice. This is crucial for ensuring that nurse practitioners have met specific educational and clinical practice requirements to provide safe and competent care. Explanation for why other choices are incorrect: B: Nurse anesthetists and nurse-midwives are not the only advanced practice roles that require certification in most states. Other roles such as nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists also require certification. C: The increasing number of new advanced practice roles does not necessarily mean that the scope of practice remains unclear in state nurse practice acts. Certification requirements help define the scope of practice for each role. D: Certification is not automatic when applying for an advanced practice license. Nurses must complete specific educational programs and pass certification exams to obtain certification for their chosen specialty role.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: World War II. This statue represents the iconic image of a nurse caring for a soldier during WWII. Nurses played a crucial role in providing medical care and support during the war, often under extreme conditions. The exhausted yet caring portrayal of the nurse holding the soldier's head captures the compassion and dedication of nurses during WWII. Explanation for other choices: A: World War I - While nurses also served valiantly in WWI, the imagery of this statue is more closely associated with WWII. C: Spanish-American War - Nurses did serve in this war, but the statue's depiction aligns more with the context of WWII. D: Vietnam War - The statue's portrayal does not align with the historical context or imagery commonly associated with nurses in the Vietnam War.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because a cover letter should express genuine interest in the employer and show that you have taken the time to understand their organization. This demonstrates professionalism and a tailored approach. Choice B is incorrect because handwritten letters are rarely used in the digital age, and legibility is not a primary concern. Choice C is incorrect as cover letters should provide sufficient information to showcase qualifications, not limited to one paragraph. Choice D is incorrect because revealing desired salary, shift, and area of practice is typically done during the interview process, not in the initial application.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because informed consent documents must provide participants with an explanation of potential risks and benefits to ensure they fully understand what they are agreeing to. This helps participants make an informed decision about participating. Option B is incorrect because using medical terminology can actually increase misunderstanding; lay terms are recommended. Option C is incorrect as it is essential to include a statement on protecting anonymity and confidentiality to ensure participant privacy. Option D is incorrect as explaining the cost of the study is not a necessary component of informed consent.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: beneficence. Beneficence refers to the ethical principle of maximizing benefits and minimizing harm in research. In this scenario, the researcher calculated the risk-to-benefit ratio and concluded that no harmful effects were associated with the survey of college sophomores. By considering the well-being of the research participants and ensuring that the benefits outweigh any potential risks, the researcher demonstrated the application of beneficence. Summary: Choice A is correct because it aligns with the ethical principle of beneficence in research. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the consideration of risks and benefits in research involving human participants.