A nurse is caring for an older adult admitted to the hospital for dehydration. While the nurse is providing discharge teaching, the client says, “ What should I do about my dry skin? It is so itchy.” Which response by the nurse is appropriate?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Use a moisturizer on the skin daily to help reduce itching. Moisturizers help hydrate the skin, reduce dryness, and alleviate itching. It is important for older adults with dry skin to maintain skin hydration to prevent further complications. Choice A is incorrect as wearing warm clothes does not directly address the dryness and itching of the skin. Choice C is incorrect as hot baths can actually worsen dry skin by stripping away natural oils. Choice D is incorrect as exposing the skin to the air may lead to further dryness and discomfort.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dermis. The dermis is the layer of the skin that contains sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles. Sweat glands produce sweat, sebaceous glands produce oil, and hair follicles are responsible for hair growth. The epidermis (choice A) is the outermost layer and does not contain these structures. The hypodermis (choice C) is the deepest layer and mainly consists of fat cells, not sweat glands, sebaceous glands, or hair follicles. Therefore, the dermis is the correct choice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the integumentary system has evolved various adaptations to help organisms survive in different environments. A is correct as thick fur or feathers help retain heat in cold climates. B is correct as thick skin helps prevent water loss in desert climates. C is correct as scales or fins protect aquatic animal skin. Therefore, D encompasses all these adaptations, making it the correct choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: It is hypertension with no specific cause. Essential hypertension is the most common type of high blood pressure, where there is no identifiable underlying cause. This distinguishes it from secondary hypertension which is caused by another disease (eliminating option A). Option B is incorrect as the term 'essential' in essential hypertension does not imply the necessity of treatment, but rather the absence of a known cause. Option D is also incorrect as essential hypertension does not necessarily refer to severe or life-threatening hypertension, but rather indicates a primary form with no specific cause.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Skin. The integumentary system consists of the skin, which includes the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, providing protection and regulating temperature. Choice B (Skin and skin derivatives) is incorrect as the epidermis itself is considered part of the skin, not a derivative. Choice C (Skin and cutaneous gland) and choice D (Skin and hairs) are also incorrect as they are specific structures or components of the skin, not the entire integumentary system. The term "skin" encompasses all layers and structures that make up the integumentary system, making choice A the most appropriate answer.