A nurse is caring for a school-age child with primary nephrotic syndrome who is taking prednisone. After 1 week of treatment, which manifestation indicates to the nurse that the medication is effective?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a child with nephrotic syndrome, the presence of edema is due to fluid retention caused by protein loss in the urine. Prednisone, a corticosteroid, helps reduce inflammation and decrease the loss of protein in the urine, leading to a decrease in edema. Therefore, decreased edema is an indication that the prednisone treatment is effective in managing the nephrotic syndrome.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) "We will watch for skin irritation around the stoma." This statement indicates an understanding of proper colostomy stoma care in an infant client. Monitoring for skin irritation is crucial as it can indicate complications such as infection or poor fit of the colostomy appliance. Option A is incorrect because changing the colostomy bag with each wet diaper is not necessary and can lead to excessive changes, which may irritate the skin unnecessarily and increase the risk of infection. Option B is incorrect because a moderate amount of bleeding after cleansing the area around the stoma is not expected and should be reported to the healthcare provider as it may indicate trauma or other issues. Option D is incorrect because using adhesive enhancers when changing the bag may not be necessary and could potentially irritate the skin further if not needed. In an educational context, it is important for pediatric nurses to provide clear and accurate information to parents regarding colostomy stoma care in infants to ensure proper management and prevention of complications. Monitoring for skin irritation and other signs of concern is essential in maintaining the infant's skin integrity and overall well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Placing an infant diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux in a car seat after feeding can increase the risk of reflux and aspiration. The semi-upright or high Fowler position is recommended to help reduce reflux symptoms during feeding. Adding rice cereal to formula can help thicken it and reduce reflux episodes. Administering ranitidine using a syringe is a common method of oral medication administration.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding preventive techniques for heat-related illnesses in children during exercise is crucial. Option C, "During activity, stopping for fluids every 15 to 20 minutes is essential," is the correct choice. This statement reflects the importance of frequent hydration breaks to prevent dehydration and heat-related complications in children. During exercise, children are at a higher risk of overheating due to their smaller body mass and higher metabolic rate, making regular fluid intake vital. Option A, "Wearing dark clothing during exercise is not recommended," is incorrect because dark clothing absorbs more heat, contributing to increased body temperature during physical activity, which can exacerbate the risk of heat-related illnesses. Option B, "Water is the preferred fluid for fluid replenishment," is partially correct, but it lacks the specificity of timing and frequency emphasized in option C. Option D, "Hydration should be maintained throughout the exercise session," is too vague and does not provide clear guidance on the frequency of fluid intake necessary to prevent heat-related issues in children. Educationally, emphasizing the need for regular hydration breaks during exercise sessions helps reinforce the importance of proactive measures in preventing heat-related illnesses in pediatric patients. This knowledge equips pediatric nurses to educate parents and caregivers effectively on best practices to safeguard children's health during physical activity, promoting optimal well-being and safety in pediatric populations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In hyperkalemia, cardiac arrhythmias are the most critical and life-threatening manifestation that requires immediate intervention. Hyperkalemia can lead to dangerous heart rhythm disturbances, potentially resulting in cardiac arrest. Prompt treatment is essential to stabilize the heart rhythm and prevent life-threatening complications.