Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inspecting feet daily for signs of injury. This is crucial for patients with diabetic neuropathy to prevent complications like foot ulcers. Daily foot inspections can catch any signs of injury early, allowing for prompt treatment. It helps in preventing infections and serious complications. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B: Exercising to improve circulation - While exercise is beneficial for overall health, it may not directly address the risk of injury due to neuropathy. C: Eating more protein-rich foods - While a balanced diet is important for managing diabetes, protein-rich foods do not specifically address the risk of foot injuries in diabetic neuropathy. D: Using tight-fitting shoes to prevent blisters - Tight-fitting shoes can actually increase the risk of blisters and injuries, especially in patients with diabetic neuropathy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the small, flat, brown macules described are consistent with lentigines (commonly known as age or liver spots), which are clusters of melanocytes that appear after prolonged sun exposure. This explanation directly addresses the patient's question about the cause of the spots and is supported by the clinical presentation. Choice A is incorrect because decreased hematocrit related to anemia would not cause these specific skin changes. Choice B is incorrect as destruction of melanin due to sun exposure would result in lighter spots, not dark brown macules. Choice D is incorrect because hyperpigmentation related to decreased perfusion and vasoconstriction would present differently and not primarily on sun-exposed areas like the arms and hands.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: the standards for cultural and linguistically appropriate services. The rationale is as follows: 1. Cultural and linguistically appropriate services ensure that patients receive care that is respectful of and responsive to their cultural and linguistic needs. 2. Having translated materials and a translator on staff aligns with these standards by providing access to healthcare information in the patient's language. 3. By offering postoperative instructions and resources in the patient's language, the hospital is promoting effective communication and understanding. 4. These services aim to reduce language barriers, improve patient outcomes, and enhance the overall quality of care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Crossing the legs at the knees. This position can cause hip dislocation due to the twisting motion it creates on the hip joint. When the legs are crossed at the knees, it puts stress on the hip joint, potentially leading to dislocation. Choice B: Sitting with the feet flat on the floor is a safe position that does not put undue stress on the hip joint. Choice C: Sleeping on the affected side can also increase the risk of hip dislocation due to the pressure and weight placed on the hip joint in this position. Choice D: Using assistive devices for ambulation is important for stability and support, and it does not directly contribute to hip dislocation if used correctly.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Health screenings such as mammograms, because secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment of diseases to prevent progression. Health screenings help identify conditions at early stages, allowing for timely intervention. Routine immunizations (A) are considered primary prevention as they prevent diseases from occurring. Smoking cessation programs (C) and health education on healthy eating (D) are examples of primary prevention, as they aim to prevent the development of diseases by promoting healthy behaviors.