A nurse is caring for a patient with dementia. Which of the following is an appropriate communication technique?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Using simple, clear language. This is an appropriate communication technique for a patient with dementia because it helps to minimize confusion and enhance understanding. Patients with dementia may have difficulty processing complex information, so using simple language can help them grasp the message. Speaking loudly and slowly (choice A) can be perceived as patronizing and may cause distress. Using complex medical terminology (choice C) can lead to further confusion. Telling the patient they will recover soon (choice D) is inappropriate as it provides false hope and can cause disappointment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because encouraging the patient to participate in small, achievable activities aligns with behavioral activation therapy, which is an evidence-based approach for treating depression. By engaging in activities, the patient can experience a sense of accomplishment, boost self-esteem, and improve motivation. A: While exercise can be beneficial for depression, it may be overwhelming for a patient feeling tired and unmotivated. B: Trying a new hobby may not address the underlying lack of motivation and may not be achievable for someone with depression. C: Reassurance alone may not be sufficient for addressing the symptoms of depression and medication may not be the only solution.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because severe agitation, tremors, and seizures are common symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, known as delirium tremens, which can be life-threatening. These symptoms indicate hyperactivity of the central nervous system due to alcohol withdrawal. Monitoring for these symptoms is crucial for early intervention and preventing potential complications. A: Fatigue and lethargy are not typically associated with alcohol withdrawal. C: Headaches and nausea are common symptoms of alcohol withdrawal but are not indicative of severe withdrawal requiring immediate intervention. D: Increased appetite and weight gain are not symptoms of alcohol withdrawal; in fact, weight loss is more common due to decreased appetite and malnutrition during withdrawal.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Disorganized thinking and speech. This is a common symptom of schizophrenia known as formal thought disorder. Patients with schizophrenia often have difficulty organizing their thoughts and expressing themselves coherently. This symptom is characteristic of the cognitive deficits associated with the disorder. Incorrect choices: B: Extreme sadness and hopelessness - This describes symptoms of depression, not schizophrenia. C: Excessive worry and fear - This describes symptoms of anxiety disorders, not schizophrenia. D: Hyperactivity and impulsiveness - This describes symptoms of ADHD, not schizophrenia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Providing a calm, quiet environment. During a depressive episode in bipolar disorder, the patient may feel overwhelmed and agitated. Providing a calm, quiet environment can help reduce stress and promote relaxation, which is beneficial in managing depressive symptoms. Other choices are incorrect because group therapy (choice A) may be overwhelming, reassuring the symptoms will resolve (choice C) may minimize the severity of the condition, and encouraging social activities (choice D) may be too demanding for the patient during a depressive episode.