A nurse is caring for a patient with bipolar disorder. Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate during a depressive episode?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Providing a calm, quiet environment. During a depressive episode in bipolar disorder, the patient may feel overwhelmed and agitated. Providing a calm, quiet environment can help reduce stress and promote relaxation, which is beneficial in managing depressive symptoms. Other choices are incorrect because group therapy (choice A) may be overwhelming, reassuring the symptoms will resolve (choice C) may minimize the severity of the condition, and encouraging social activities (choice D) may be too demanding for the patient during a depressive episode.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: No. The nurse cannot disclose information to the surviving spouse. As a healthcare professional, the nurse is bound by patient confidentiality even after the patient's death. The information regarding sexual abuse is considered confidential and cannot be shared without the patient's consent. Revealing such sensitive information without the patient's permission would violate the client's privacy rights and ethical principles of confidentiality. It is crucial to uphold confidentiality to maintain trust and protect the client's dignity, even after their passing. Choices A and C are incorrect because they suggest disclosing information without considering the legal and ethical implications. Choice D is incorrect as the decision should not be based on subjective feelings but on established principles of confidentiality and ethical guidelines.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Nurse-initiated interventions are actions that nurses can initiate independently based on their scope of practice. Step 2: State Nurse Practice Acts define the scope of practice for nurses, including what interventions they can independently initiate. Step 3: Therefore, nurse-initiated interventions are determined by state Nurse Practice Acts (Choice A). Summary: Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because nurse-initiated interventions are not necessarily supervised by the entire health care team, made in concert with physician-initiated plans, or developed after evaluating medical diagnoses. The correct answer is A because it aligns with the principle of nurses working within their scope of practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because it perpetuates a harmful stereotype about a specific group, which can lead to stigmatization. The statement implies that all Irish people have a problem with alcohol use, which is a generalization and can contribute to discrimination and bias. The other choices focus on discussing broader issues without singling out any specific group for negative stereotypes. Addressing stigmatization is crucial in healthcare to ensure all individuals receive fair and unbiased care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Major depressive disorder. Major depressive disorder has the highest annual prevalence in the United States, affecting approximately 7% of the adult population. This prevalence is higher compared to schizophrenia, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. Major depressive disorder is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities. It is a common mental health condition that can significantly impact daily functioning. Schizophrenia, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder also have significant impacts, but their annual prevalence rates are lower compared to major depressive disorder in the US.