A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which of the following is an appropriate intervention?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Encourage frequent leg exercises to promote circulation. This intervention is appropriate for a patient with DVT as it helps prevent blood pooling and clot formation. Leg exercises facilitate blood flow and reduce the risk of further clot development. Option B is incorrect because prolonged bed rest can actually increase the risk of DVT by promoting stasis of blood flow. Option C is incorrect as anticoagulant medications are often necessary to prevent complications such as pulmonary embolism. Option D is incorrect as tight-fitting compression stockings should be worn during the day, not at night, to support venous return.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The large intestine's main role is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food material and to form solid waste for elimination. This process helps maintain the body's fluid balance. Producing enzymes (Choice A) is primarily the function of the pancreas and small intestine. Absorbing nutrients (Choice B) occurs mainly in the small intestine. Digestion of proteins (Choice D) occurs primarily in the stomach and small intestine. Therefore, the correct answer is C as the large intestine's main function is water absorption.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: small intestine. Fats are primarily digested in the small intestine. First, bile from the liver emulsifies fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets. Then, pancreatic enzymes like lipase break down these smaller droplets into fatty acids and glycerol for absorption. The small intestine is where the majority of nutrient absorption occurs, making it the main site for fat digestion. Explanation of why other choices are incorrect: A: Stomach - Minimal fat digestion occurs in the stomach as it primarily focuses on protein digestion. B: Pancreas - The pancreas secretes enzymes that aid in fat digestion, but the actual breakdown of fats happens in the small intestine. D: Large intestine - Fat digestion is not a primary function of the large intestine; it mainly absorbs water and electrolytes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Control centers in the medulla oblongata. The myenteric plexus is a network of neurons located in the gastrointestinal tract, regulating gut motility independently. The myenteric plexus consists of sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Control centers in the medulla oblongata are part of the central nervous system and are not directly involved in the myenteric plexus's functions. Therefore, they are not considered as component parts of the myenteric plexus.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Total gastrectomy. This operation involves complete removal of the stomach, leading to the inability to digest food. Without a stomach, essential nutrients cannot be absorbed, necessitating parenteral feeding. A: Total oesophagectomy - Although the esophagus is important for swallowing, parenteral feeding can sustain life without it. C: Right hepatic lobectomy - The liver has regenerative capacity and can compensate for the loss of a lobe. D: Total oroclocolectomy - This operation removes the entire colon, but parenteral feeding can still provide nutrition. In summary, total gastrectomy results in the loss of the major organ responsible for digestion and nutrient absorption, requiring parenteral feeding for survival.