A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The nurse should monitor for which of the following complications?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hyperkalemia. In CKD, kidneys struggle to excrete potassium, leading to its accumulation in the blood. This can result in dangerous cardiac arrhythmias. Hypokalemia (B) is unlikely in CKD due to impaired potassium excretion. Hyperglycemia (C) is more commonly associated with diabetes rather than CKD. Hypercalcemia (D) is not a typical complication of CKD; instead, patients with CKD often experience low calcium levels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because stopping insulin when blood glucose is normal is incorrect. Insulin is necessary for managing diabetes even when blood glucose levels are normal to prevent fluctuations. Monitoring blood glucose (A), exercising (B), and eating a balanced diet (D) are all important components of diabetes management. Stopping insulin abruptly can lead to hyperglycemia and potential complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cold, dry air. Asthma patients are often triggered by cold, dry air, which can cause airway constriction and worsen symptoms. Warm, humid air can actually help alleviate symptoms by keeping airways moist. Excessive physical activity can also trigger asthma, but it varies among individuals and can be managed with appropriate medication and monitoring. Choice D is incorrect as warm, humid air is not a trigger for asthma.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B Rationale: 1. Taking insulin only when blood sugar is high can lead to uncontrolled levels. 2. Regular insulin dosing is essential for diabetes management. 3. Monitoring blood sugar regularly helps in adjusting insulin doses. 4. Eating a balanced diet and exercising are key components of diabetes management. 5. Reporting signs of infection is crucial due to diabetes-related complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: A complete health database because of the nurse's primary responsibility for monitoring the patient's health. In this initial home visit, the nurse needs to gather comprehensive information about the patient's medical history, current health status, medications, allergies, and lifestyle factors to establish a baseline for ongoing care. This complete health database will help the nurse make informed decisions and provide personalized care. Choice A (follow-up database) is incorrect as it is used to evaluate changes over time, not for the initial assessment. Choice B (episodic database) is incorrect because the patient's chronic medical problems require a more comprehensive approach. Choice D (emergency database) is incorrect as it is used for urgent situations, not for routine assessments.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ambulation as soon as possible after surgery. Ambulation helps prevent complications like blood clots and aids in circulation and muscle strength. Bed rest can lead to stiffness and decrease in range of motion. Limiting physical activity delays recovery. Prolonged use of a cast can hinder mobility and delay rehabilitation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Does Salil take medicine?" This is the best question because it is simple, direct, and focuses on gathering important medical information. It is clear and easy to understand even with a language barrier. Choice B is irrelevant and not related to the patient's health status. Choice C assumes symptoms without context. Choice D is inappropriate as it refers to the patient in the third person and includes a leading statement. Asking about medication directly is the most appropriate approach in this scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Agnosia. Agnosia is the inability to recognize or interpret sensory information, such as temperature or clothing. In this case, the woman's inability to differentiate between hot and cold and dress appropriately for the weather indicates a sensory processing issue, characteristic of agnosia. A: Mania is a mood disorder characterized by extreme excitement and impulsivity, not related to sensory perception issues. C: Dementia is a broad term for cognitive decline, which typically includes memory loss and impaired decision-making, but not necessarily sensory perception deficits. D: Amnestic disorder refers to memory impairment, not the inability to interpret sensory information.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because asking about future plans post-hospital discharge assesses judgment by evaluating the individual's ability to make considered decisions and anticipate consequences. Choice A focuses on paranoia, not judgment. Choice C assesses interpretation skills, not judgment. Choice D evaluates honesty or ethics, not judgment. Therefore, B is the best choice for assessing judgment.