A nurse is caring for a patient who is recovering from a stroke. The patient has difficulty speaking and is unable to express themselves clearly. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because providing a quiet environment and allowing extra time for the patient to speak are essential for effective communication with a patient recovering from a stroke. Patients with speech difficulties require patience and a supportive atmosphere to express themselves. Choice A is incorrect as rushing the patient can increase frustration and hinder communication. Choice C is incorrect as not all stroke patients may have the ability to write down their thoughts. Choice D is incorrect as giving false reassurance may lead to unrealistic expectations and disappointment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Providing a calm and structured environment. During a manic episode, individuals with bipolar disorder may exhibit high energy levels, impulsivity, and decreased need for sleep. A calm and structured environment can help reduce stimuli that may exacerbate manic symptoms and promote stability. It can also help prevent impulsive behaviors and maintain a sense of safety. Choice A (Encouraging the patient to engage in social activities) may not be appropriate during a manic episode as social interactions can be overwhelming and may lead to increased impulsivity. Choice C (Reassuring the patient that their symptoms will improve with medication) may not be effective during an acute manic episode as immediate symptom relief may not be achieved solely through medication. Choice D (Allowing the patient to express their feelings without limits) may not provide the necessary structure and boundaries needed to manage manic symptoms effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased energy and motivation. In major depressive disorder, individuals commonly experience a persistent feeling of sadness or loss of interest in activities they once enjoyed, leading to decreased energy levels and motivation. This symptom is known as anhedonia. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because increased energy and impulsivity (B) are more characteristic of manic episodes in bipolar disorder, elevated mood and grandiosity (C) are symptoms of bipolar disorder's manic phase, and increased appetite and weight gain (D) are seen in atypical depression, not major depressive disorder.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Over-involvement. This is because the nurse's strong emotional response to the client, based on their similarities to the nurse's estranged spouse, may lead to over-involvement in the client's care. The nurse may project unresolved feelings or issues onto the client, impacting their ability to maintain appropriate professional boundaries. Summary: B: Misuse of honesty - Not directly related to the emotional response of the nurse towards the client. C: Indifference - Opposite of over-involvement, unlikely to result from the described scenario. D: Rescue - While the nurse may feel compelled to rescue the client due to their emotional response, over-involvement is a more direct result.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: State Boards of Nursing. State Boards of Nursing are responsible for regulating the nursing profession, including determining the titles that registered nurses can use and their scope of practice. They establish legal requirements for nursing licensure and define the standards of practice for nurses. Professional organizations (B) may provide guidelines but do not have the legal authority to determine titles or scope of practice. Custom as a standard of care (C) varies and may not always align with legal regulations. Institutional policies and procedures (D) are specific to each healthcare facility and do not have the authority to define the legal scope of practice for nurses.