A nurse is caring for a patient who is post-operative following hip replacement surgery. Which of the following should be included in the nursing care plan to prevent complications?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because monitoring the patient for signs of infection and deep vein thrombosis is crucial in preventing complications post-hip replacement surgery. Infections can lead to serious complications, while deep vein thrombosis can result in blood clots that can be life-threatening. By closely monitoring for these signs, the nurse can intervene early and prevent further complications. Choice A is incorrect because complete avoidance of physical activity can lead to other complications such as muscle atrophy and delayed recovery. Choice B is incorrect because pain management should be proactive to prevent unnecessary suffering. Choice D, while important, is not directly related to preventing complications such as infection and deep vein thrombosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Respiratory failure. In chronic asthma, persistent inflammation and airway remodeling can lead to worsening lung function and respiratory distress, ultimately resulting in respiratory failure. Monitoring for signs of respiratory distress such as increased work of breathing, decreased oxygen saturation, and altered mental status is crucial. A: Hypoglycemia is not a typical complication of asthma. B: Oxygen toxicity is not a common complication in asthma management unless high concentrations of supplemental oxygen are administered for prolonged periods. C: Hyperkalemia is not directly associated with asthma but may occur as a complication of certain asthma treatments or comorbid conditions. Therefore, the priority complication to monitor in a patient with chronic asthma is respiratory failure due to the progressive nature of the disease and the potential for acute exacerbations.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ambulation as soon as possible after surgery. Ambulation helps prevent complications like blood clots and aids in circulation and muscle strength. Bed rest can lead to stiffness and decrease in range of motion. Limiting physical activity delays recovery. Prolonged use of a cast can hinder mobility and delay rehabilitation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encouraging early ambulation. This is because early ambulation is crucial in preventing complications such as blood clots and muscle atrophy post hip replacement surgery. It helps improve circulation, prevent joint stiffness, and promote healing. Administering pain medication regularly (A) is important but not the top priority. Providing wound care and dressing changes (C) and monitoring for signs of infection (D) are also important but secondary to early ambulation in preventing complications and promoting recovery.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administering supplemental oxygen as needed. This is the priority intervention for a patient with COPD because it helps improve oxygenation and relieve respiratory distress, which is the main concern in COPD. Supplemental oxygen also helps reduce the workload on the heart and other organs. Encouraging physical activity (B) is important for overall health but may not be the priority in acute exacerbations. Administering antibiotics regularly (C) is not necessary unless there is a documented infection. Providing increased fluid intake (D) is important for maintaining hydration but is not the priority intervention in this case.