A nurse is caring for a patient who has recently been diagnosed with terminal cancer. Which intervention is most appropriate to address the patient's emotional needs?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because encouraging the patient to express their fears, sadness, and feelings about the diagnosis allows for emotional catharsis and validation of their emotions. This intervention promotes emotional processing and can lead to increased emotional well-being. Option A may invalidate the patient's feelings and provide false reassurance. Option C may not address the patient's current emotional state. Option D may hinder the patient's ability to address their emotions and may contribute to emotional suppression. Ultimately, open communication and expression of emotions are crucial in supporting a patient with a terminal illness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Constipation. Opioid analgesics commonly cause constipation by slowing down gastrointestinal motility. This effect is due to opioid receptors in the gut. Diarrhea (choice A) is not a common side effect of opioids; in fact, opioids more commonly cause constipation. Hypertension (choice C) is not a direct side effect of opioids; they can actually cause hypotension. Weight loss (choice D) is also not a common side effect; opioids are more likely to cause weight gain. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer due to its direct association with opioid use.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because a recent history of malnutrition and electrolyte imbalances indicates that the patient's body may not be prepared to handle a sudden increase in nutrition, which is a risk factor for refeeding syndrome. Refeeding syndrome occurs when there is a rapid reintroduction of nutrition to malnourished individuals, leading to shifts in electrolytes that can be life-threatening. Choices A, C, and D do not directly indicate the risk of refeeding syndrome as they do not specifically highlight the patient's malnutrition and electrolyte imbalances.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because providing a quiet, calm environment and encouraging deep breathing helps the patient relax and manage their anxiety. This intervention promotes self-soothing and can help regulate breathing patterns, reducing symptoms of anxiety. Choice A may exacerbate the anxiety by focusing on the stressor. Choice B invalidates the patient's feelings and can escalate anxiety. Choice D may reinforce avoidance behavior rather than coping skills. Overall, choice C is the most therapeutic and effective intervention for managing anxiety.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because providing regular opportunities for the patient to move and reposition helps prevent complications related to immobility. Movement helps prevent blood clots, pressure ulcers, muscle weakness, and joint stiffness. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. A encourages immobility which can lead to complications. C is incorrect as early mobilization is important for recovery. D is incorrect as limiting fluid intake can increase the risk of dehydration and other complications.