A nurse is caring for a patient who has a diagnosis of acute leukemia. What assessment most directly addresses the most common cause of death among patients with leukemia?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitoring for infection. Acute leukemia patients are at high risk for infections due to compromised immune function. Infection is the most common cause of death among leukemia patients. Regular monitoring for signs of infection, such as fever and abnormal white blood cell counts, is crucial for early detection and treatment. Option B, monitoring nutritional status, is important but not the most direct cause of death in leukemia patients. Option C, monitoring electrolyte levels, is important but not as directly related to the cause of death in leukemia patients. Option D, monitoring liver function, is not the most common cause of death in leukemia patients and is not directly related to leukemia complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because reducing factors that increase the risk of second cancers is crucial for a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma due to the potential for developing secondary cancers. Alcohol, smoking, and sun exposure are known risk factors for various cancers, including secondary cancers. By avoiding these behaviors, the patient can decrease the likelihood of developing another cancer. Choice A is incorrect because while health promotion activities are beneficial, the specific reason for a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma to stop drinking, smoking, and avoiding sun exposure is to reduce the risk of second cancers, not just for general health. Choice B is incorrect because it uses fear tactics and does not provide a clear rationale for why the patient should make these lifestyle changes. Choice C is incorrect because it lacks a specific explanation for the importance of avoiding alcohol, smoking, and sun exposure in relation to reducing the risk of second cancers.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The importance of adhering to the prescribed drug regimen. This is crucial in managing chronic myeloid leukemia effectively. Medication adherence is essential to control the disease and prevent complications. Skipping doses can lead to treatment failure or drug resistance. B: While vaccinations are important, they are not the top priority in managing chronic myeloid leukemia. C: Daily physical activity is beneficial for overall health but is not the primary concern in this case. D: Avoiding shellfish and raw foods is not a key aspect of managing chronic myeloid leukemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Choice C (Correct Answer): Assessing the patient's specific needs for education and support is crucial in meeting the psychosocial needs of a patient diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia. By understanding the patient's informational and emotional needs, the nurse can provide tailored support and resources, enhancing the patient's coping abilities and overall well-being. This approach fosters a therapeutic relationship and promotes patient-centered care. Summary of Other Choices: A: Assessing the patient's previous experience with the health care system is important but may not directly address the immediate psychosocial needs related to the new diagnosis. B: Reassuring the patient about treatment success is premature and may invalidate the patient's feelings of distress and uncertainty. D: Identifying the patient's plan of medical care is essential but focuses more on the medical aspect rather than the psychosocial aspect of care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Constipation. Ferrous sulfate, an iron supplement, commonly causes constipation due to its effects on the digestive system. Iron slows down bowel movements, leading to constipation. Monitoring for constipation is crucial to ensure the client's comfort and prevent complications. Phlebitis (choice A) is not a common adverse effect of ferrous sulfate administration. Dark, tarry stools (choice B) can indicate gastrointestinal bleeding but are not directly related to iron supplementation. Orange-colored stools (choice C) are not a typical side effect of ferrous sulfate and are more commonly associated with certain foods or medications.