A nurse is caring for a client who requires total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which of the following actions should the nurse take when finding that the TPN solution is infusing too rapidly?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Stop the TPN infusion. If the TPN solution is infusing too rapidly, stopping the infusion is the most appropriate immediate action to prevent potential complications such as hyperglycemia, fluid overload, or electrolyte imbalances. This allows the nurse to assess the situation, adjust the infusion rate, and prevent harm to the client. A: Turning the client on his left side or sitting the client upright would not directly address the issue of the TPN solution infusing too rapidly. C: Adding insulin to the TPN infusion without assessing the client's blood glucose levels and consulting with the healthcare provider could lead to hypoglycemia and is not the initial priority when the TPN rate is too fast.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (2 layers). The greater omentum consists of a double layer of peritoneum, which is a serous membrane composed of simple squamous epithelium. Therefore, when a pin is placed through the greater omentum, it would pass through two layers of simple squamous epithelium. Choice A (0) is incorrect because there are indeed layers of epithelium in the greater omentum. Choice B (1) is incorrect because there are two layers of epithelium. Choice D (3) is incorrect as there are only two layers to pass through.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: compound tubuloadnar or tubuloalveolar glands. Salivary glands are compound glands with both tubular and alveolar structures, allowing for both secretion and storage of saliva. The tubuloadnar or tubuloalveolar structure allows for efficient production and release of saliva. Incorrect choices: B: Compound alveolar or acinar glands - Alveolar and acinar glands do not have the tubular structure required for efficient saliva production. C: Compound tubular glands - Tubular glands lack the alveolar structure needed for storage and release of saliva. D: Simple branched alveolar or acinar glands - Simple glands do not have the complexity needed for optimal saliva production and release.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because intrinsic factor is produced by parietal cells in the gastric glands of the pyloric region. Intrinsic factor forms a complex with Vitamin B12, which is essential for its absorption in the ileum. This mechanism is crucial for preventing Vitamin B12 deficiency. Choice A is incorrect because hydrochloric acid is produced by parietal cells but does not bond with Vitamin B12 for absorption. Choice B is incorrect as mucus is not involved in Vitamin B12 absorption. Choice C is incorrect as pepsinogen is not responsible for facilitating Vitamin B12 absorption.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: 1. The hepatic artery carries oxygenated blood to the liver. 2. The hepatic portal vein carries nutrient-rich but deoxygenated blood from the digestive system. 3. The hepatic sinusoids receive blood from both the hepatic artery and portal vein, creating a mix of oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood. 4. Choice D (hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein) is correct as it accurately reflects the blood vessels providing mixed blood to the hepatic sinusoids. Summary: - Choice A (hepatic artery and hepatic vein) is incorrect as the hepatic vein carries deoxygenated blood. - Choice B (hepatic vein and hepatic portal vein) is incorrect as it does not include the artery supplying oxygenated blood. - Choice C (hepatic portal artery and hepatic portal vein) is incorrect as there is no such thing as a hepatic portal artery.