A nurse is caring for a client who is taking filgrastim to treat neutropenia. The nurse should assess the client for which of the following adverse effects?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice C is correct: 1. Filgrastim stimulates the production of neutrophils. 2. An enlarged spleen can indicate an increase in neutrophils. 3. Therefore, assessing the client for an enlarged spleen is crucial to monitor the drug's effectiveness and potential adverse effects. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A: Dusky nail beds - Not directly related to filgrastim or neutropenia. B: Petechiae - Typically associated with low platelet count, not neutrophil increase. D: Swollen calf - Unlikely to be a direct adverse effect of filgrastim for neutropenia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Normocytic normochromic anemia is characterized by normal-sized red blood cells with normal hemoglobin content. Pregnancy is associated with this type of anemia due to increased blood volume and iron demands. Iron deficiency anemia (choice A) is typically microcytic hypochromic. Primaquine (choice B) is not known to cause normocytic normochromic anemia. Sickle cell disease (choice D) results in hemolytic anemia with abnormal red blood cell morphology. Thus, the correct answer is C as it aligns with the characteristics of normocytic normochromic anemia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In microcytic hypochromic anemia, the correct answer is D because red cells are smaller (microcytic) and have a pale large central pallor (hypochromic). This is due to decreased hemoglobin content and iron deficiency. Choice A is incorrect as red cells are smaller, not larger. Choice B is incorrect as the red blood cell count is typically decreased in this type of anemia. Choice C is incorrect as both hematocrit and mean corpuscular hemoglobin are decreased in microcytic hypochromic anemia, not normal. Therefore, the correct answer is D based on the characteristic features of microcytic hypochromic anemia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Platelets are responsible for clot formation in the body. When a wound occurs, platelets adhere to the site and release chemicals to initiate clotting. They then aggregate to form a plug, stopping bleeding. Plasma carries platelets but is not directly involved in clot formation. Red blood cells transport oxygen but do not participate in clotting. White blood cells are part of the immune system and do not play a role in clot formation. Therefore, platelets are the correct choice for clot formation in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Contains clotting factors. Plasma is the liquid component of blood that contains essential clotting factors necessary for blood coagulation. This infusion helps replenish clotting factors in patients with bleeding disorders, aiding in the formation of blood clots to stop bleeding. Choice B is incorrect as plasma does not carry oxygen; that is the role of red blood cells. Choice C is incorrect as plasma does not directly support cellular metabolism; that is the role of nutrients. Choice D is incorrect as plasma does not remove waste products; that is the role of the kidneys and liver.