ATI RN
Quizlet ATI Pharmacology Final Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride (Flexeril) for the treatment of muscle spasm. Which of the following medical conditions is contraindicated with the use of the medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cyclobenzaprine, a muscle relaxant, has anticholinergic effects that can exacerbate angle-closure glaucoma by increasing intraocular pressure. It is contraindicated in patients with this condition. While it may cause dry mouth or urinary retention, it is not specifically contraindicated in diabetes, emphysema, or urinary tract infections. The anticholinergic properties of cyclobenzaprine make it unsuitable for patients with angle-closure glaucoma.
Question 2 of 5
A 28-year-old woman is admitted with suspected urinary sepsis (temperature 40.2°C, BP 84/50, pulse 128). She had a massive haemorrhage following the birth of her only child when she was aged 24; since then she has had no periods. Her partner says that she has been progressively listless and depressed for at least two years. There is left loin tenderness and she has no pubic or axillary hair. Which of the following would be most appropriate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sepsis (fever, hypotension) with post-partum hemorrhage history, amenorrhea, fatigue, and hair loss suggest Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary necrosis) causing adrenal insufficiency. Oral amoxicillin is inadequate for septic shock. IV hydrocortisone treats acute adrenal crisis, stabilizing BP and stress response, most appropriate here alongside antibiotics. Pelvic exam doesn't address urgency. Gonadotrophins or triiodothyronine target secondary issues, not immediate crisis. Hydrocortisone's rapid action is life-saving, addressing cortisol deficiency in this emergency.
Question 3 of 5
With regard to oral anti-asthmatic agents:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prednisone is intermediate-acting (12-36 hours), not long-acting like dexamethasone, so that's false. Methotrexate benefits some prednisone-dependent asthmatics, not all studies, making that false. Cyclosporin's toxicity (e.g., nephrotoxicity) limits its anti-asthmatic use, a true statement, despite immunosuppressive potential. Nifedipine has minimal effect on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, unlike inhaled CCBs, so that's false. Macrolides show some benefit in asthma. Cyclosporin's limitation reflects its risk-benefit profile, restricting its practical use.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is providing medication education to a client with hypertension. The nurse teaches the client that the physician ordered a diuretic to decrease the amount of fluid in the client's body. Which statement best describes the nurse's instruction?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Explaining a diuretic's role in reducing fluid for hypertension is appropriate education, informing the client about its purpose in a clear, relevant way. Mechanism (e.g., sodium excretion) wasn't detailed-purpose was. Prototype drugs weren't specified, and consequences of non-use weren't covered. Appropriate education fits, enhancing adherence by linking the drug to the condition, a practical teaching goal.
Question 5 of 5
Drug X has a median lethal dose of 30 mg and a median effective dose of 10. Drug Y has a therapeutic index of 4, while drug Z has a therapeutic index of 3. Which statement is accurate based on this information?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Therapeutic index (TI) = lethal dose (LD50) / effective dose (ED50). Drug X: 30/10 = 3. Drug Y: TI = 4. Drug Z: TI = 3. Higher TI means safer-Drug Y (4) tops X and Z (3), balancing efficacy and toxicity best. X and Y aren't both safer-X matches Z. X's TI isn't 20. Z isn't safest. Y's TI makes it safest.