A nurse is caring for a client who is in labor. Which of the following nursing actions reflects application of the gate control theory of pain?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The gate control theory of pain proposes that non-painful input can close the "gates" to painful input, which helps to control and reduce pain perception. Massage, such as massaging the client's back, is a non-pharmacological intervention that can help close the gates and reduce the perception of pain. By massaging the client's back, the nurse is applying this theory to help manage the client's labor pain. Administering analgesic medication (Choice A) is a pharmacological intervention and not specifically related to the gate control theory. Choices B and D are also beneficial nursing actions but do not directly relate to the gate control theory of pain.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Meconium-stained amniotic fluid poses a risk of aspiration; preparation for neonatal resuscitation is critical.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Administering a pneumococcal immunization to the newborn within 4 hours following birth is a crucial action to include in the plan of care for a pregnant client with HIV. Infants born to HIV-positive mothers are at higher risk for infections, including pneumococcal disease. Administering a pneumococcal vaccine shortly after birth helps protect the newborn from this serious infection. It is important to follow established guidelines for immunizations in newborns of HIV-positive mothers to optimize the infant's health outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Compression of pelvic nerves from the growing uterus can cause leg cramps during pregnancy.