A nurse is caring for a client who is dying. The nurse should incorporate the principle of nonmaleficence into practice by taking which of the following actions?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because nonmaleficence means to do no harm. Withholding a dose of narcotic pain medication when the client has respiratory depression is essential to prevent harm and potential worsening of the client's condition. Choice A is not directly related to nonmaleficence. Choice B is important but not specific to avoiding harm. Choice D, while important for emotional support, does not directly address preventing harm or avoiding potential harm to the client.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The ability to generalize findings to other populations. External validity refers to the extent to which research findings can be generalized beyond the specific sample or setting studied. This is crucial for ensuring that the results are applicable to a broader population. In contrast, option A (accuracy of the measurement tool) addresses internal validity, while option C (consistency of research results) is related to internal reliability. Option D (reliability of the sample size) focuses on the consistency and precision of data collection, which is more about internal reliability rather than external validity. Therefore, the correct choice is B as it directly relates to the concept of external validity in research.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Autonomy. Autonomy is the ethical principle that upholds an individual's right to make decisions about their own healthcare. In this scenario, the client is alert and oriented and has expressed the wish to discontinue the ventilator, which reflects their autonomy. Continuing treatment against the client's wishes would violate their autonomy. Veracity (A) relates to truth-telling, Fidelity (C) refers to being faithful to commitments, and Justice (D) pertains to fair and equal treatment. In this case, the primary ethical principle at play is the client's right to make their own decisions about their care, making Autonomy the correct choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Wash bitten area with soap and water. This is because cleaning the wound helps reduce the risk of infection. Soap and water can help remove bacteria from the bite, reducing the chance of complications. Going to the hospital is important for serious bites, but immediate cleaning is crucial. Choice A is not specific to the immediate first aid needed. Choices C and D are incomplete and do not provide any relevant information for treating a dog bite.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Constant fever. A constant fever is characterized by a consistent temperature in the fever range without significant fluctuations. This type of fever does not show variations over time, unlike intermittent fever which fluctuates between febrile and afebrile periods. Choices C and D are likely left blank intentionally as they are not relevant to the question. In summary, option B is correct because it accurately describes a fever that remains in the fever range without variation.