A nurse is caring for a client who is dying of metastatic breast cancer. She has a prescription for an opioid pain medication PRN. The nurse is concerned that administering a dose of pain medication might hasten the client's death. Which of the following ethical principles should the nurse use to support the decision not to administer the medication?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nonmaleficence. Nonmaleficence is the ethical principle of doing no harm or preventing harm. In this scenario, the nurse should prioritize relieving the client's pain and suffering, which is in line with the principle of nonmaleficence. Administering pain medication to provide comfort and alleviate suffering is not considered harmful in this context. A: Utilitarianism focuses on maximizing overall happiness or well-being, which may conflict with the individual's right to comfort and pain relief in this case. C: Fidelity refers to being faithful or keeping promises, which is not directly applicable to the situation of providing pain relief to a dying patient. D: Veracity pertains to truthfulness and honesty, which is not directly related to the decision of administering pain medication in this scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Objective data. Objective data refers to factual information that is observable and measurable by anyone, regardless of personal biases or interpretations. This type of data is concrete and can be verified through various means, making it reliable and consistent. In contrast, subjective data (choice A) is influenced by individual perspectives, feelings, and opinions, making it less reliable and more prone to bias. Choices C and D are likely left blank as they do not align with the concept of data detectable by an observer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (Weight and height) because BMI (Body Mass Index) is calculated using weight and height measurements. The formula for BMI is weight (in kilograms) divided by height squared (in meters). This calculation gives an indication of a person's overall body fat and helps assess the risk of health problems related to weight. Choice A (Height and bp) is incorrect because blood pressure (bp) is not used in calculating BMI. Choice C (Face and vital signs) is also incorrect as these factors are not relevant to determining BMI. Choice D is incomplete. In summary, weight and height are the key components needed to compute BMI accurately.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The presence of fluid in a bulla on the leg indicates a blister, commonly caused by friction or burns. The fluid acts as a protective cushion for the underlying skin. Pus, on the other hand, is a sign of infection and inflammation, not typically found in a bulla. Therefore, option A is correct as it aligns with the typical presentation and pathophysiology of a bulla. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as pus is not a characteristic feature of a bulla and the other choices are incomplete or irrelevant.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Prevention of bedsores. Maintaining skin integrity is crucial to prevent pressure ulcers (bedsores). Pressure ulcers develop when there is prolonged pressure on the skin, leading to tissue damage. Preventing bedsores involves frequent repositioning, using supportive surfaces, and keeping the skin clean and dry. Avoiding infection (choice A) is important but is just one aspect of maintaining skin integrity. Choice C and D are incomplete, making them incorrect options. In summary, preventing bedsores directly aligns with the primary goal of maintaining skin integrity by ensuring the skin remains healthy and intact.