A nurse is caring for a client who is dying of metastatic breast cancer. She has a prescription for an opioid pain medication PRN. The nurse is concerned that administering a dose of pain medication might hasten the client's death. Which of the following ethical principles should the nurse use to support the decision not to administer the medication?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nonmaleficence. Nonmaleficence is the ethical principle of doing no harm. In this scenario, the nurse should prioritize the principle of nonmaleficence by ensuring that the client's pain is adequately managed to provide comfort without causing harm. Administering pain medication to alleviate suffering does not aim to hasten death but to promote the client's well-being. Utilitarianism (A) focuses on the greatest good for the greatest number, which may not apply in this individualized end-of-life care situation. Fidelity (C) pertains to keeping promises and being faithful, which is not directly relevant to the immediate decision about pain medication administration. Veracity (D) refers to truthfulness, which is important but not the primary ethical principle guiding the decision in this context.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The lowest priority for the nurse in a disaster simulation scenario involving a toxic substance release is transferring a client to the discharge location (Choice C). This is because during such a crisis, immediate actions like preventing cross-contamination (Choice A), performing concise client assessment (Choice B), and maintaining a client tracking system (Choice D) are more critical in ensuring the safety and well-being of all individuals involved. Transferring a client, while important, can be done after addressing these more urgent tasks to minimize harm and effectively manage the situation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The ethical soundness of the research methodology. Ethical validity in research refers to ensuring that the study is conducted in an ethical manner, following ethical guidelines and protecting the rights and well-being of participants. This is crucial for maintaining the integrity and credibility of the research. Explanation: 1. Accuracy of findings (A) refers to the reliability and precision of the data collected, not ethics. 2. Replicability (C) pertains to the ability of other researchers to reproduce the study's results, not ethics. 3. Statistical significance (D) relates to the likelihood that the results are not due to chance, not ethics. In summary, choice B is correct because ethical validity is specifically concerned with the moral principles and standards governing research practices.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because participant descriptions of their experiences are subjective and descriptive in nature, making them qualitative data. This type of data focuses on qualities, characteristics, and opinions rather than numerical values or measurements. A: Temperature measurements in Celsius are quantitative data as they provide numerical values. B: Scores on a standardized test are also quantitative data, representing numerical results. D: Number of students in a classroom is quantitative data, counting the quantity of students. In summary, qualitative data involves subjective descriptions and characteristics, while the other choices involve numerical values or quantities.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A Rationale: 1. Checking the client's medical record for the provider's prescription is appropriate to verify the doctor's order. 2. It ensures that the nurse follows the correct procedure as per the healthcare provider's instructions. 3. This action promotes patient safety by confirming the necessity of the enema and prevents errors in care delivery. Summary: - Option B does not address the need to confirm the doctor's order. - Option C does not provide concrete evidence of the doctor's prescription. - Option D is premature and does not verify the doctor's order.