A nurse is caring for a client who is at 14 weeks of gestation and has hyperemesis gravidarum. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of caring for a pregnant client with hyperemesis gravidarum at 14 weeks of gestation, the correct medication choice is Vitamin B6 (option C). Hyperemesis gravidarum is characterized by severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, and Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is a common and safe treatment recommended to alleviate these symptoms. Vitamin B6 has been shown to be effective in reducing nausea and vomiting in pregnant women without posing harm to the fetus. It is a well-established and evidence-based therapy for managing hyperemesis gravidarum. Option A, Digoxin, is a cardiac medication used to treat heart conditions and would not be appropriate for treating hyperemesis gravidarum during pregnancy. Option B, Calcium gluconate, is a mineral supplement used to treat calcium deficiencies and would not address the symptoms of hyperemesis gravidarum. Option D, Propranolol, is a beta-blocker used for various conditions like high blood pressure and anxiety, but it is contraindicated in pregnancy due to potential adverse effects on fetal development. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate management of hyperemesis gravidarum in pregnancy is crucial for maternal newborn nurses. Knowing the safe and effective medications to use, such as Vitamin B6, helps nurses provide optimal care for pregnant clients experiencing severe nausea and vomiting. It also highlights the importance of considering the unique needs and safety of both the mother and the developing fetus when selecting medications during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct intervention is to reposition the newborn every 2 to 3 hours (Option D). Repositioning the newborn helps to ensure optimal exposure to the phototherapy lights, which is crucial for the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia. Option A, checking the newborn's temperature every 8 hours, is not the priority intervention in this case. While monitoring temperature is important, it is secondary to ensuring effective phototherapy. Option B, applying moisturizing lotion to the newborn's skin every 4 hours, is not indicated for the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia. This intervention does not address the underlying cause or contribute to the effectiveness of phototherapy. Option C, giving the newborn glucose water every 4 hours, is not an appropriate intervention for hyperbilirubinemia. Providing glucose water is unrelated to the treatment of this condition and does not address the need for phototherapy. In an educational context, it is important for nurses to understand the rationale behind interventions for newborns with hyperbilirubinemia. By repositioning the newborn regularly, nurses can optimize the effectiveness of phototherapy and ensure the best possible outcome for the newborn. This knowledge is essential for providing safe and effective care to neonates with this condition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the realm of maternal newborn nursing, the primary role of practicing nurses in the research process is to identify researchable problems (Option C). This choice is correct because nurses working closely with mothers and newborns are in a unique position to observe challenges, gaps in care, or areas needing improvement in their daily practice. By identifying these researchable problems, nurses can contribute valuable insights that can lead to meaningful research studies aimed at enhancing the quality of care provided to mothers and newborns. The other options are incorrect in this context. Designing research studies (Option A) is typically the role of experienced researchers or research teams with specialized training in research methodology. Collecting data for other researchers (Option B) is an important task but not the primary role of practicing nurses in the research process. Seeking funding to support research studies (Option D) is usually the responsibility of principal investigators or research coordinators who oversee the entire research process. In an educational context, understanding the role of nurses in the research process is crucial for students and practicing nurses alike. By recognizing their role in identifying researchable problems, nurses can actively contribute to evidence-based practice, drive improvements in maternal newborn care, and ultimately enhance outcomes for mothers and newborns. This knowledge empowers nurses to be proactive in addressing healthcare challenges through research and innovation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Family-centered care, as it best exemplifies contemporary maternity nursing practice. Family-centered care focuses on involving the family in all aspects of care, promoting a partnership between healthcare providers and families to support the well-being of both the mother and the newborn. This approach recognizes the importance of the family unit in the care process and aims to provide holistic and personalized care that takes into account the physical, emotional, and social needs of the family. Option A) Use of midwives for all vaginal deliveries is not a comprehensive approach to contemporary maternity nursing. While midwives play a crucial role in supporting women during childbirth, the use of midwives for all vaginal deliveries may not always be feasible or appropriate, as the healthcare team should consider individualized care plans based on the needs of the mother and baby. Option C) Free-standing birth clinics may offer alternative birthing options, but they do not necessarily represent the mainstream practice in maternity nursing. The choice of birthing setting should be based on the preferences and needs of the mother, with safety and quality of care being paramount considerations. Option D) Physician-driven care, while historically common, does not align with the current trend in maternity nursing towards a more collaborative and patient-centered approach. In contemporary practice, healthcare providers work together as a team, including midwives, nurses, obstetricians, and other specialists, to provide comprehensive care that meets the diverse needs of pregnant women and their families. Educationally, understanding the shift towards family-centered care in maternity nursing is essential for nursing students and healthcare professionals. It emphasizes the importance of communication, collaboration, and respect for the preferences and values of families, ultimately leading to improved maternal and newborn outcomes. Emphasizing this approach in education can help prepare future nurses to provide compassionate and holistic care in the dynamic field of maternal newborn nursing.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Births to unmarried women are more likely to have less favorable outcomes. This trend is crucial for nurses caring for pregnant clients to understand because it highlights the importance of providing comprehensive care and support to all pregnant individuals, regardless of their marital status. Unmarried women may face unique challenges during pregnancy, such as lack of social support, financial constraints, and limited access to healthcare, which can contribute to less favorable outcomes for both the mother and the newborn. Option B) Birth rates for women 40 to 44 years of age are declining is incorrect because in recent years, there has actually been an increase in birth rates among women in this age group due to various factors such as advancements in fertility treatments and changing societal norms. Option C) Cigarette smoking among pregnant women continues to increase is incorrect as there have been significant efforts and campaigns to reduce smoking among pregnant women due to the known harmful effects on maternal and fetal health. Option D) Rates of pregnancy and abortion among teenagers are lower in the United States than in any other industrialized country is incorrect because the United States actually has higher rates of teenage pregnancy and abortion compared to many other industrialized nations, highlighting the ongoing need for comprehensive sex education and access to reproductive healthcare for teenagers. Understanding these trends in maternal newborn health is essential for nurses to provide evidence-based care and support to pregnant individuals across diverse backgrounds and situations.