A nurse is caring for a client who is about to begin taking epoetin. An increase in which of the following laboratory values should indicate to the nurse that the therapy is effective?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hgb (hemoglobin). Epoetin is a medication used to stimulate red blood cell production, which should increase hemoglobin levels. Higher hemoglobin levels indicate improved oxygen-carrying capacity and overall effectiveness of the therapy. PT (A), WBC (B), and Platelets (D) are not directly affected by epoetin therapy, so an increase in these values would not be indicative of the medication's effectiveness.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: 1. In cellulose acetate electrophoresis at pH 8.6, proteins migrate based on their net charge. 2. Haemoglobin A migrates furthest to the anode as it has the highest net negative charge among the options. 3. Haemoglobin D, A2, and S have different charges compared to Haemoglobin A. 4. Haemoglobin D and A2 have lower net negative charges, so they migrate less than Haemoglobin A. 5. Haemoglobin S has a different charge distribution due to a mutation, causing it to migrate differently than Haemoglobin A.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: A low mean corpuscular volume. In iron deficiency anemia, there is a decreased amount of iron available for hemoglobin synthesis, leading to smaller and paler red blood cells. This results in a low mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Atrophic gastritis (choice A) is associated with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, not iron deficiency anemia. Choice C (reduced total iron binding capacity) is incorrect because in iron deficiency anemia, there is an increased total iron binding capacity due to the body's attempt to capture more iron. Megaloblastic changes in the bone marrow (choice D) are seen in megaloblastic anemia, not iron deficiency anemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Posterior iliac crest. A bone marrow biopsy is commonly performed at the posterior iliac crest because it provides easy access to the bone marrow. This site has a high concentration of red bone marrow, making it an ideal location for obtaining a bone marrow specimen. The iliac crest is also a flat and easily accessible surface, which allows for safe and efficient insertion of the biopsy needle. Ribs (A) are not typically used due to the risk of puncturing the lungs. The humerus (B) is not a common site for bone marrow biopsy. Long bones in the legs (D) are not typically used due to the difficulty in accessing the bone marrow at those sites.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Removal of old red blood cells from circulation. The spleen is responsible for filtering and removing old or damaged red blood cells from the bloodstream. When the spleen is removed, this function is compromised, leading to a decreased ability to clear out old red blood cells. This can result in an increased risk of anemia and other complications related to the breakdown of red blood cells. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect: A: Filtration of waste products - The spleen primarily filters blood cells, not waste products. C: Clearance of mucous in the tracheobronchial tree - This function is mainly carried out by the respiratory system, not the spleen. D: Facilitation of glucose to be used by the cell for energy - This is a function of the pancreas and insulin, not the spleen.