A nurse is caring for a client who is about to begin therapy with recombinant factor IX to treat hemophilia B. The client asks the nurse about the risk of disease transmission with recombinant factor IX as compared with plasma derived factor IX. The nurse should explain that the recombinant factor IX practically eliminates the risk for which of the following?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Recombinant factor IX is produced synthetically in a laboratory, eliminating the risk of transmitting prion diseases like CJD. Plasma-derived products, on the other hand, carry a theoretical risk of transmitting CJD due to potential contamination. HIV and cytomegalovirus can be transmitted through blood products, but both plasma-derived and recombinant factor IX are rigorously tested for these viruses. Anaphylaxis is a potential risk with any factor IX product, regardless of the source. Therefore, the nurse should explain to the client that recombinant factor IX practically eliminates the risk of CJD transmission compared to plasma-derived factor IX.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the International Normalized Ratio (INR) was specifically developed to standardize the monitoring of warfarin therapy. INR allows for consistent interpretation of prothrombin time results across different laboratories, ensuring accurate dosing of warfarin. Choice A is incorrect because heparin therapy is typically monitored using activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Choice B is incorrect as INR, not aPTT, is used for monitoring oral anticoagulant therapy such as warfarin. Choice C is incorrect as INR is not used for screening clotting system abnormalities, but rather for monitoring anticoagulant therapy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because according to the FAB classification, the L2 stage is characterized by large homogenous blasts with scanty nucleoli and a higher nucleus to cytoplasm ratio. This is because in the L2 stage, the blasts are more immature and have a larger size compared to other stages. Choice A is incorrect because it describes blasts with prominent nucleoli, which is not characteristic of the L2 stage. Choice B is incorrect because it describes small homogenous blasts with scanty nucleoli, which does not align with the characteristics of the L2 stage. Choice D is incorrect because it describes large blasts with basophilic vacuolated cytoplasm, which is not a feature of the L2 stage.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bilirubin. Bilirubin is a product of red blood cell breakdown and its levels can indicate the rate of red blood cell production. Elevated bilirubin can suggest increased RBC destruction or hemolysis. Iron (A) is related to anemia but not a direct indicator of RBC production. Thrombin (C) is a clotting factor, not related to RBC production. Intrinsic factor (D) is involved in vitamin B12 absorption, not directly linked to RBC production.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lymphocytes. T and B cells are subtypes of lymphocytes, which are crucial components of the immune system. T cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity, while B cells are responsible for producing antibodies. Platelets (A), eosinophils (B), and red blood cells (D) do not have the same functions or roles as T and B cells in the immune system. Platelets are involved in blood clotting, eosinophils are a type of white blood cell involved in allergic reactions, and red blood cells are responsible for oxygen transport.