Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diabetic ketoacidosis in a person with emphysema. The arterial blood values show a low pH (acidosis), high PaCO2 (respiratory acidosis), and normal HCO3 (compensatory metabolic alkalosis). This pattern is consistent with a mixed acid-base disorder seen in diabetic ketoacidosis where metabolic acidosis from ketone production is partially compensated by respiratory acidosis from decreased alveolar ventilation due to emphysema. The other choices do not align with the given blood values. Choice B is incorrect as it would typically show respiratory alkalosis. Choice C would show respiratory alkalosis with low PaCO2. Choice D would result in metabolic acidosis with low HCO3.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because dangling the client on the bedside before ambulating helps prevent orthostatic hypotension and potential falls. This step allows the nurse to assess the client's tolerance to changes in position and reduces the risk of injury. A: Asking family members to speak quietly does not directly address the prevention of injury related to dehydration. B: Assessing urine parameters is important for monitoring hydration status but does not directly prevent injury. C: Encouraging fluid intake is important for rehydration but does not directly address the risk of injury during ambulation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because taking sodium bicarbonate after every meal can actually increase the risk of metabolic alkalosis due to its alkaline nature. Sodium bicarbonate can lead to an excessive build-up of bicarbonate in the bloodstream, causing alkalosis. Choice A is not directly related to metabolic alkalosis. Choice B, taking digoxin, is unrelated to metabolic alkalosis as well. Choice D, drinking six glasses of water due to sweating, does not contribute to metabolic alkalosis as it helps maintain hydration and electrolyte balance.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypocalcemia. Following a thyroidectomy, there is a risk of damaging the parathyroid glands, leading to hypocalcemia. Symptoms such as tingling in lips and fingers, muscle spasms, and increased muscle tone are classic signs of hypocalcemia. The initial concern should be hypocalcemia due to its potential to cause serious complications such as tetany and laryngospasm. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the symptoms described. Hypophosphatemia may present with weakness and respiratory failure, hypermagnesemia with hypotension and respiratory depression, and hyperkalemia with muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: Third spacing occurs when fluid shifts from the intravascular space to interstitial spaces, leading to hypovolemia. This results in decreased circulating blood volume, leading to signs of hypovolemia such as tachycardia, hypotension, and low urine output. Metabolic alkalosis, hypermagnesemia, and hypercalcemia are not directly related to third spacing and are not the expected imbalances in this scenario.