A nurse is caring for a client who has renal failure and is receiving epoetin. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypertension. Epoetin stimulates red blood cell production, increasing blood volume and potentially leading to hypertension. This adverse effect is known as hypertensive crisis. Muscle pain (B), edema (C), and dry mouth (D) are not typically associated with epoetin therapy for renal failure. Thus, they are incorrect choices.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Iron deficiency leads to decreased hemoglobin synthesis, resulting in smaller red blood cells. 2. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) measures the average size of red blood cells. 3. In iron deficiency anemia, MCV is low due to the smaller red blood cells. 4. Therefore, choice B is correct as it reflects the characteristic feature of iron deficiency anemia. Summary: A: Atrophic gastritis is seen in pernicious anemia, not iron deficiency anemia. C: Total iron binding capacity is increased, not reduced, in iron deficiency anemia. D: Megaloblastic changes in the bone marrow are seen in megaloblastic anemias, not iron deficiency anemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Posterior iliac crest. This site is commonly used for bone marrow biopsies due to its accessibility and abundance of red bone marrow. The iliac crest is a flat bone, making it easier to access for the procedure compared to the round shape of other bones listed. Ribs (A) are not commonly used due to the risk of pneumothorax. The humerus (B) is not an ideal site as it contains mostly yellow bone marrow. Long bones in the legs (D) are not typically used for bone marrow biopsies due to the difficulty in accessing and the higher risk of complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Removal of old red blood cells from circulation. The spleen plays a crucial role in filtering and removing old or damaged red blood cells from circulation. When the spleen is removed, this function is compromised, leading to a decrease in the body's ability to clear out these cells efficiently. This can result in an increased risk of anemia and other complications related to the buildup of old red blood cells in the bloodstream. A: Filtration of waste products - While the spleen does play a role in filtering blood, its primary function is related to red blood cells, not waste products. C: Clearance of mucous in the tracheobronchial tree - This function is primarily carried out by the respiratory system, particularly the cilia and mucous membranes in the airways, not the spleen. D: Facilitation of glucose to be used by the cell for energy - This function is primarily related to the pancreas and insulin production, not the

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A (Vital signs) Rationale: Monitoring vital signs during a blood transfusion is crucial to detect any adverse reactions promptly. Changes in blood pressure, pulse rate, temperature, and respiratory rate can indicate a potential reaction. By assessing vital signs, the nurse can intervene promptly if there is any sign of an adverse reaction, such as fever, hypotension, tachycardia, or shortness of breath. Summary of Incorrect Choices: B: Skin turgor is not directly related to detecting a reaction during a blood transfusion. C: Bowel sounds are not indicative of a reaction during a blood transfusion. D: Pupil reactivity is not relevant for monitoring during a blood transfusion.