A nurse is caring for a client who has diarrhea due to shigella. Which of the following precautions should the nurse implement for this client?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Limit the client's time with visitors to no more than 30 minutes per day. This is the correct precaution because shigella is transmitted through fecal-oral route. By limiting the client's time with visitors, the risk of spreading the infection to others is minimized. Explanation for why other choices are incorrect: A: Having the client wear a mask when receiving visitors is not necessary for preventing the spread of shigella, as it is not transmitted through the air. C: Assigning the client to a room with negative-pressure airflow exchange is more suitable for airborne infections, not for shigella which is transmitted through fecal-oral route. D: While wearing a gown when caring for the client is a good infection control practice, it is not specifically indicated for preventing the spread of shigella through contact with visitors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Laissez-faire leaders are passive, delegating decisions, unlike group planning, fostering creativity, or limiting autonomy. Nurse managers like allowing staff flexibility step back, contrasting with control. It suits self-driven teams but risks chaos in healthcare, aligning leadership with minimal oversight.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the patient with type 1 diabetes should check glucose levels before, during, and after swimming to monitor for fluctuations and adjust insulin or food intake accordingly. This allows for better glycemic control and prevents hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia during and after swimming. Choice B is incorrect because delaying eating can lead to hypoglycemia during swimming due to increased insulin action without adequate glucose intake. Choice C is incorrect as increasing NPH insulin dose without monitoring glucose levels can result in hypoglycemia during exercise. Choice D is incorrect because timing the insulin injection for peak action while swimming can also lead to hypoglycemia if glucose levels are not monitored.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encouraging innovation. Transformational leadership involves inspiring and motivating followers to think creatively, embrace change, and strive for continuous improvement. By encouraging innovation, transformational leaders empower their team to challenge the status quo, adapt to new situations, and drive growth and success. This approach fosters a culture of creativity and openness to new ideas, leading to organizational transformation and long-term success. Now, let's analyze why the other choices are incorrect: A: Maintaining the status quo goes against the essence of transformational leadership, which is about driving change and growth. C: Focus on short-term goals is more aligned with transactional leadership, where the emphasis is on achieving immediate results rather than long-term vision and innovation. D: Top-down communication is characteristic of traditional, hierarchical leadership styles, whereas transformational leadership emphasizes open and collaborative communication to inspire and engage followers.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The primary focus of a performance appraisal for nursing staff is to provide feedback on their clinical skills. This is crucial for ensuring quality patient care and professional development. Salary increases (A) are typically based on performance, but not the primary focus. Evaluating overall job performance (B) is important but not as specific as assessing clinical skills. Determining eligibility for promotions (D) may be a part of the appraisal process, but not the primary focus.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Planning. In the ethical decision-making process, after identifying the decision makers involved, the next step is to plan the course of action to address the dilemma. This involves considering various options, weighing the pros and cons, and formulating a strategy to resolve the ethical issue. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Assessment - This step involves gathering information and data to fully understand the ethical issue at hand. B: Diagnosis - This step involves analyzing the information collected during the assessment phase to identify the root cause of the ethical dilemma. D: Implementation - This step comes after planning and involves putting the chosen course of action into practice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The manager's avoidance of discussion fuels destructive conflict, polarizing staff into camps and diverting energy from patient care to internal strife. This saps morale and focus, risking care quality, unlike constructive conflict that sparks solutions or dialogue. Cohesion against the manager might emerge, but the current split suggests fragmentation, not unity. Left unchecked, this tension undermines the unit's primary mission patient well-being making it the most accurate depiction of the situation's impact.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In DKA 6 hours into treatment, blood glucose 80 mg/dL demands immediate intervention, not ketones, ABGs, or urine output. DKA starts with hyperglycemia; dropping to 80 risks hypoglycemia insulin needs adjustment, fluids may shift to dextrose. Ketones linger, ABGs show mild acidosis (expected), and high output reflects rehydration. Leadership acts here imagine confusion setting in; swift glucose correction prevents seizures. This reflects nursing's vigilance in metabolic crises, ensuring safe DKA resolution effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Assess external opportunities. Conducting a SWOT analysis in healthcare helps identify internal strengths and weaknesses (option A), but the main purpose is to evaluate external opportunities and threats. This is crucial for healthcare organizations to make informed decisions and develop strategies based on the external environment. Developing strategic goals (option B) can be a result of the SWOT analysis, but it is not the primary purpose. Streamlining healthcare processes (option D) focuses on operational efficiency, which is not the main goal of a SWOT analysis in healthcare.