A nurse is caring for a client who has dementia and has a prescription for levodopa. Which of the following types of dementia should the nurse identify that the client has?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Parkinson's disease. Levodopa is a medication commonly prescribed for Parkinson's disease to help manage its symptoms. It works by increasing dopamine levels in the brain, which is crucial in Parkinson's treatment due to dopamine deficiency in the brain associated with this disease. Option A) Vascular disease is incorrect because it is not typically treated with levodopa. Vascular dementia is caused by reduced blood flow to the brain, leading to cognitive decline. Option B) HIV infection is also incorrect as it is a viral infection that affects the immune system, not directly related to levodopa treatment or symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Option D) Prion disease is incorrect as well. Prion diseases are a group of rare, fatal brain diseases caused by abnormal proteins, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and are not typically treated with levodopa. In an educational context, understanding the relationship between specific medications and the conditions they treat is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care. Recognizing the medication's purpose and its implications for the client's condition is essential for accurate assessment and intervention in clinical practice, especially when dealing with complex conditions like dementia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option D) Milk. When a patient diagnosed with major depressive disorder refuses solid food, offering milk is a suitable choice due to its nutritional value and ease of consumption. Milk provides essential nutrients like protein, calcium, and vitamins, which can be beneficial for the patient's overall health and well-being. Additionally, milk is a liquid that is easier to swallow compared to solid foods, making it a practical option for someone who is having difficulty eating. Option A) Tomato juice may not be the best choice because it is acidic and may cause discomfort for individuals with sensitive stomachs or those experiencing gastrointestinal issues. Option B) Orange juice is also acidic and may not be well-tolerated by some individuals, especially if they have digestive concerns. Option C) Hot tea might not provide sufficient nutrients and may not be well-suited for someone who requires more substantial nourishment. In an educational context, understanding the importance of nutrition in mental health is crucial for nurses caring for patients with major depressive disorder. Offering appropriate food and beverage options can play a significant role in supporting the patient's physical health, which in turn can positively impact their mental well-being. It is essential for nurses to consider the individual's preferences, dietary restrictions, and nutritional needs when making recommendations for food and beverage choices in such situations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, option D is an example of 'attending' because it demonstrates active listening and a willingness to provide emotional support. By expressing a desire to sit with the patient, the nurse is showing empathy and creating a therapeutic environment for the patient to feel comfortable opening up. Option A is incorrect because it minimizes the patient's feelings by comparing them to others' stress levels and dismissing the patient's current situation. This response lacks empathy and fails to acknowledge the patient's emotional state. Option B is incorrect as it comes across as confrontational and may make the patient feel defensive. The question seems judgmental and does not convey a sense of understanding or support for the patient's feelings. Option C is incorrect because it focuses solely on the medical aspect of treatment and does not address the patient's emotional needs or provide reassurance. It lacks the human connection necessary for effective therapeutic communication. In the context of nursing care, 'attending' is a crucial component of building a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. By actively listening, showing empathy, and providing emotional support, nurses can create a safe space for patients to express their thoughts and feelings, ultimately enhancing the quality of care and promoting positive outcomes in mental health treatment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of managing aggressive behavior in a patient with schizophrenia displaying agitation, disorganized speech, and paranoia, the most appropriate medication choice from the options provided is Haloperidol (Option C). Haloperidol is a first-generation antipsychotic medication that is commonly used to address symptoms of psychosis, including agitation and paranoia. It exerts its therapeutic effects by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, thereby helping to reduce hallucinations, delusions, and other psychotic symptoms associated with schizophrenia. Clozapine (Option A) is a second-generation antipsychotic that is often reserved for cases of treatment-resistant schizophrenia due to its potential for serious side effects such as agranulocytosis. While effective, it is not typically the first choice for managing acute aggression in schizophrenia. Lithium (Option B) is a mood stabilizer commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder, not for managing acute psychotic symptoms like agitation and paranoia in schizophrenia. Fluoxetine (Option D) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used primarily in the treatment of depression and some anxiety disorders. It is not indicated for managing the symptoms of schizophrenia, particularly aggressive behaviors. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind selecting the appropriate medication for specific symptoms in schizophrenia is crucial for nursing practice. It is essential for nurses to be able to differentiate between various medications used in psychiatric care to provide safe and effective patient care. By grasping the pharmacological principles and therapeutic uses of different medications, nurses can contribute significantly to the holistic management of patients with mental health disorders.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In teaching a patient with major depressive disorder about a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is crucial to include information on the delayed onset of action. Option C, stating that it may take several weeks before feeling the full effects of the medication, is correct. This is important because patients often expect immediate results and may discontinue the medication prematurely if not informed otherwise. Educating patients about the delayed therapeutic effect prepares them for realistic expectations and promotes medication adherence. Option A is incorrect as SSRI medications typically cause initial activation rather than sedation. Option B is irrelevant as the concern with tyramine-containing foods is more associated with MAOIs rather than SSRIs. Option D is incorrect and potentially harmful to suggest stopping the medication once the patient starts feeling better, as abruptly discontinuing an SSRI can lead to withdrawal symptoms or a relapse of depression. Educationally, understanding the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic timeline of SSRI medications is essential for patients to make informed decisions about their treatment and to manage their expectations effectively. By providing accurate information, nurses empower patients to actively participate in their care and enhance treatment outcomes.