A nurse is caring for a client who has a terminal illness and is ventilator-dependent. The client is alert and oriented and wants to discontinue the ventilator. The nurse should be aware that continued treatment against the client's wishes is a violation of which ethical principle?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Autonomy Rationale: Autonomy refers to the right of individuals to make decisions about their own healthcare. In this case, the client is alert and oriented and has the right to decide to discontinue the ventilator. Respecting the client's autonomy is crucial in ethical healthcare practice. Continuing treatment against the client's wishes would violate the principle of autonomy. Veracity (A) refers to truthfulness, fidelity (C) to loyalty, and justice (D) to fairness, none of which are directly related to the client's right to make decisions about their own care in this scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Bias in research refers to systematic errors that skew study results. 2. Systematic errors can occur due to flawed study design, participant selection, or data analysis. 3. These errors can lead to inaccurate conclusions and affect the validity of the research. 4. Randomizing participants (A) is a method to reduce bias, not the definition of bias. 5. Replicability (C) refers to the ability to repeat a study's findings, not bias. 6. Generalizability (D) pertains to how well findings apply to a larger population, not bias. Summary: Choice B is correct as bias is a systematic error that distorts study results, while the other choices do not accurately define bias in research.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Autonomy. Autonomy is the ethical principle that upholds an individual's right to make decisions about their own care. In this scenario, the client, who is alert and oriented, has expressed their wish to discontinue the ventilator. Respecting the client's autonomy means honoring their decision, even if it goes against medical advice. Veracity refers to truth-telling, fidelity to keeping promises, and justice to fairness in resource allocation. In this case, the client's autonomy takes precedence over other ethical principles.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because direct percussion involves striking one finger with another fingertip. This technique is commonly used in physical examinations to assess reflexes. Choice A is incorrect as it refers to fingertip striking a surface, not a finger. Choices C and D are blank, but they are incorrect as they do not provide relevant information about direct percussion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, "Switch off the fuse box first." This is the correct course of action to ensure safety during an electrocution emergency. By switching off the fuse box, the electrical current will be cut off, reducing the risk of further harm to the patient and rescuers. Pulling the patient first (option A) can result in additional injuries to both the patient and the rescuer. It is important to prioritize cutting off the power source before attempting any rescue. Options C and D are not valid choices as they do not provide any effective solution to address the immediate danger of electrocution.