A nurse is caring for a client who has a substance use disorder. Which of the following statements by the nurse is an example of patient-centered care?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, option A, "Let's review the goals you set today and see what your priority is this week," is an example of patient-centered care because it involves the client in the decision-making process and respects their autonomy and priorities. This approach allows the client to actively participate in their care and treatment plan, fostering a sense of empowerment and collaboration. Options B, C, and D are not examples of patient-centered care. Option B dismisses the client's expressed need to discuss past abuse and instead imposes the nurse's agenda. Option C disregards the client's preferences and imposes the nurse's beliefs on what the client should focus on. Option D fails to prioritize the client's needs by changing the meeting time for the nurse's convenience without considering the impact on the client. Educationally, it is crucial for nurses to understand the principles of patient-centered care to provide holistic and individualized care. By actively involving clients in decision-making, respecting their autonomy, and collaborating on treatment goals, nurses can promote better outcomes and strengthen the therapeutic relationship. This approach aligns with ethical principles and enhances the quality of care provided.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) They compulsively act on the urge to continue internet gaming and gambling even though they suffered negative consequences. This behavior is characteristic of a non-substance addiction, where the individual continues engaging in the activity despite experiencing severe negative outcomes like financial ruin and relationship breakdown. This exemplifies a lack of control and the presence of a compulsive behavior pattern. Option A is incorrect because filing for bankruptcy due to debts and job loss is a consequence of the addiction, not a manifestation of the addiction itself. Option B is incorrect as it describes a lack of emotional response, not the compulsive behavior seen in addiction. Option D is incorrect as being depressed is a potential consequence of the addiction but not a defining characteristic of the addiction itself. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing non-substance addictions and understanding the behaviors and consequences associated with them. It also emphasizes the need for intervention and support for individuals struggling with such addictive behaviors to prevent further harm.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of the development of mental illness, understanding the role of vulnerability genes is crucial for both healthcare providers and patients. Option A, "It is a gene variant that increases the risk for the development of a specific mental illness," is the correct answer. This statement accurately describes the role of vulnerability genes in predisposing individuals to certain mental health conditions. Vulnerability genes make individuals more susceptible to the development of mental illnesses, increasing their risk compared to those without these genetic variants. Option B, stating that vulnerability genes are responsible for an individual's resilience to stress, is incorrect. While genetics can play a role in resilience, vulnerability genes specifically increase susceptibility rather than resilience to stressors. Option C is incorrect as well. Vulnerability genes do not determine an individual's likelihood of recovering from mental illness but rather influence the predisposition to developing a mental health condition. Option D is also incorrect. Vulnerability genes do not cause the development of a specific mental illness on their own but rather contribute to an increased risk or susceptibility. In an educational context, understanding the role of genetics in mental health can help individuals comprehend the multifaceted nature of mental illnesses. It also underscores the importance of personalized approaches to treatment and preventive strategies based on an individual's genetic predispositions. By teaching patients about vulnerability genes, nurses can empower them to make informed decisions regarding their mental health and well-being.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, option D, "It is recommended that you receive follow-up care from a mental health provider after you are discharged," is the correct response. This answer is appropriate because individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder often require ongoing mental health support and specialized therapy to manage their symptoms effectively. Following up with a mental health provider ensures continuity of care, tailored interventions, and monitoring of the client's progress. Option A, "You have made such great progress here. I can see why you feel so well," is incorrect because it fails to address the importance of ongoing mental health care for someone with a new diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. While acknowledging progress is beneficial, it does not provide guidance on the necessary follow-up care. Option B, "Since you have such a good relationship with your family practice provider, you do not need to see a mental health provider," is incorrect because managing borderline personality disorder typically requires specialized mental health interventions that may not be within the scope of a family practice provider. Referral to a mental health professional is crucial for comprehensive care. Option C, "You should follow up with your regular doctor in the next few months so they can manage your new diagnosis," is also incorrect as it suggests that a regular doctor can manage borderline personality disorder, which is typically beyond their expertise. Collaborating with mental health providers is essential in addressing the complex needs of individuals with this diagnosis. Educationally, this scenario highlights the importance of appropriate referrals and follow-up care in mental health nursing practice. Understanding the specific needs of clients with different mental health diagnoses and advocating for their holistic care can significantly impact their outcomes and well-being. It underscores the significance of interdisciplinary collaboration and specialized interventions in addressing complex mental health conditions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Clients are powerless over addiction, and it can only be overcome through belief in a higher power. This principle is foundational to the 12-step programs of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA). These self-help groups emphasize surrendering to a higher power to find strength in recovery. This approach helps individuals recognize the limits of their own control and fosters humility and acceptance, key components in overcoming addiction. Option A is incorrect because self-reliance is not the focus of AA and NA. Option C is incorrect as it suggests transferring control to another person, which is not the essence of these self-help groups. Option D is incorrect as it promotes a deterministic view of substance use disorders, which goes against the empowering and hopeful approach of AA and NA. Educationally, understanding the principles of AA and NA is crucial for healthcare professionals working with individuals struggling with addiction. It highlights the importance of spiritual and emotional aspects in recovery, encouraging empathy, support, and a holistic approach to addressing substance use disorders.