A nurse is caring for a client who has a left renal calculus and an indwelling urinary catheter. Which of the following assessment findings requires immediate intervention by the nurse?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Absent urine output for 2 hours. This finding requires immediate intervention as it may indicate urinary obstruction, which can lead to serious complications like renal failure. The nurse should assess for catheter kinks, blockages, or dislodgement. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are common symptoms associated with renal calculi and do not require immediate intervention. Flank pain and lower abdomen radiation are typical of renal calculi. Nausea can be due to pain or irritation caused by the calculus. Feeling sweaty may be due to pain or anxiety.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Melanocytes. Melanocytes are the cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives color to the skin. Monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils are types of white blood cells involved in immune responses and inflammation, not in pigmentation of the skin. Melanocytes specifically produce melanin, which determines the color of an individual's skin, hair, and eyes. Therefore, the secretion of melanocytes is responsible for skin pigmentation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Melanocytes. Melanocytes are the cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives color to skin, hair, and eyes. In rabbits, melanin is contained in these specialized cells, not in chromatophores (A), which are found in fish and amphibians. Melanin granules (C) are the actual pigment produced by melanocytes, not the cells themselves. Carotene granules (D) are unrelated to melanin production and are responsible for the orange color in some animals. Therefore, the correct answer is B as melanocytes are specifically responsible for producing melanin in rabbits.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sole. The thickest portion of skin in humans is found on the soles of the feet due to the constant pressure and friction they endure from walking and standing. This leads to a thicker layer of protective skin to provide support and cushioning. The head (A), thumb (B), and palm (C) do not experience the same level of pressure and friction as the soles, resulting in thinner skin layers in those areas. Thus, the sole is the correct choice for the thickest portion of skin in humans.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Simple tubular. Sweat glands are classified based on their shape and structure. Simple tubular glands have a long, straight tube for secretion, which matches the structure of sweat glands. Simple alveolar glands have a rounded sac shape, not seen in sweat glands. Compound acinar glands have a branched, sac-like structure, and compound tubular glands have a branched, tube-like structure, neither of which matches the structure of sweat glands. Therefore, the correct answer is A as sweat glands are characterized by a simple tubular structure.