A nurse is caring for a client taking ciprofloxacin for an infection. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse include in the client education?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tendon rupture. Ciprofloxacin belongs to the fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics, which is associated with the adverse effect of tendon rupture. Tendon rupture is a severe but rare side effect that can occur with the use of ciprofloxacin. Educating the client about this potential adverse effect is crucial to promote awareness and early recognition of symptoms, such as tendon pain, swelling, or inflammation. Choices A, C, and D are not typically associated with ciprofloxacin use and are less relevant for client education in this scenario.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, option D, uncontrolled hypertension, is the correct answer as it is a contraindication for administering clopidogrel. Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication used to prevent blood clots. Uncontrolled hypertension can increase the risk of bleeding when taking antiplatelet medications like clopidogrel. Elevated blood pressure can weaken blood vessels and lead to easier bleeding, which can be exacerbated by the antiplatelet effects of the medication. Options A, B, and C are incorrect choices because recent surgery, peptic ulcer disease, and bleeding disorders are not direct contraindications for clopidogrel. In fact, clopidogrel is commonly prescribed after certain surgeries to prevent blood clots. However, it is essential to assess and monitor these conditions closely in patients taking clopidogrel to ensure their safety and adjust the treatment plan as needed. Educationally, understanding contraindications for medications is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care to their patients. It is necessary to have a comprehensive knowledge of both the therapeutic effects and potential risks of medications to make informed clinical decisions. By recognizing contraindications like uncontrolled hypertension for clopidogrel, nurses can prevent adverse events and promote positive patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Lactic acidosis. Lactic acidosis is a rare but serious adverse effect of metformin use. Metformin is not known to cause hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. Diarrhea is a common gastrointestinal side effect of metformin but is not as serious as lactic acidosis, which requires immediate medical attention.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Albuterol is a rescue inhaler that should be used during asthma attacks to provide quick relief by opening the airways. Using it daily as a preventive measure is not recommended. Choice A is incorrect because a dry cough is not a common side effect of albuterol. Choice C is incorrect as albuterol does not need to be taken with food. Choice D is incorrect because albuterol is not meant to be used daily for asthma prevention.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hyperkalemia is the correct answer as it is an adverse effect associated with spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic. Spironolactone works by blocking the aldosterone receptor in the distal convoluted tubule, leading to decreased potassium excretion and potential hyperkalemia. Hypokalemia (choice B) and hyponatremia (choice C) are not typically associated with spironolactone use. Hypernatremia (choice D) is also an unlikely finding with spironolactone.