A nurse is caring for a child with cystic fibrosis. The nurse should encourage the child's parents to do which of the following?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A) Increase the child's calorie intake. In cystic fibrosis, a child has increased energy needs due to the malabsorption of nutrients and increased work of breathing. Therefore, it is crucial to encourage parents to increase the child's calorie intake to meet their energy demands and promote growth and development. Adequate nutrition also supports the immune system, helps maintain a healthy weight, and improves overall health outcomes in children with cystic fibrosis. Option B) Administer oxygen therapy regularly is incorrect because oxygen therapy is not a routine treatment for cystic fibrosis. Oxygen therapy is typically used in respiratory conditions where there is a deficiency in oxygen saturation, which is not a primary feature of cystic fibrosis. Option C) Limit physical activity is incorrect because regular physical activity is important for overall health and well-being, including in children with cystic fibrosis. Exercise can help improve lung function, cardiovascular health, and overall quality of life in these children. Option D) Provide small, frequent meals is incorrect because while it is beneficial to provide easy-to-digest, small, and frequent meals for some children with cystic fibrosis who may have pancreatic insufficiency, the primary focus should be on increasing the overall calorie intake to meet the child's energy needs. Educational Context: Understanding the specific care needs of children with cystic fibrosis is essential for nurses caring for pediatric patients with this condition. By emphasizing the importance of increasing the child's calorie intake, nurses can help parents optimize their child's nutritional status and overall health outcomes. Providing comprehensive education to parents can empower them to actively participate in the management of their child's cystic fibrosis and promote better health outcomes for the child.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In caring for a child with a history of developmental delay, it is crucial for nurses to consider a holistic approach to their assessment. The correct answer, option D (All of the above), is the most appropriate choice in this scenario. Developmental delays can stem from a variety of causes, including neurological disorders, genetic factors, and environmental influences. By selecting option D, the nurse acknowledges the multifactorial nature of developmental delays and demonstrates an understanding of the need to assess the child comprehensively. Option A (Neurological disorder) is a common cause of developmental delays in children. Conditions such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, or brain malformations can impact a child's development. While neurological disorders are significant contributors, they do not represent the sole cause of developmental delays. Therefore, choosing only option A would overlook other potential factors. Option B (Genetic disorder) highlights the role of genetic influences in a child's development. Genetic conditions like Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, or other chromosomal abnormalities can lead to developmental delays. While genetic factors play a crucial role, focusing solely on genetics may limit the nurse's assessment scope and overlook other crucial aspects contributing to the child's condition. Option C (Environmental factors) emphasizes the impact of the child's surroundings on their development. Environmental factors such as exposure to toxins, poor nutrition, lack of stimulation, or socioeconomic challenges can all influence a child's developmental trajectory. While environmental factors are significant, they do not act in isolation and often interact with genetic and neurological factors to shape a child's development. In an educational context, understanding the diverse causes of developmental delays is vital for nurses working in pediatric care. By recognizing the complex interplay of neurological, genetic, and environmental factors, nurses can provide comprehensive care tailored to each child's unique needs. This question reinforces the importance of a thorough assessment process and highlights the need for a holistic approach when caring for children with developmental delays.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Blisters that are clear, then rupture and scab over. This is characteristic of chickenpox, caused by the varicella-zoster virus. The progression of clear blisters to rupture and scabbing is a hallmark sign of the disease. Option A) High fever and a raised rash is not specific to chickenpox and can be seen in various other illnesses as well. Option C) Localized rash with no systemic symptoms is not typical of chickenpox, as it usually presents with a widespread rash and systemic symptoms. Option D) Flat, red spots that do not change over time do not describe the evolving nature of chickenpox blisters. Educationally, understanding the clinical manifestations of childhood diseases like chickenpox is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide accurate assessments, diagnoses, and interventions. Recognizing the distinct features of each condition helps in timely and appropriate management, which can significantly impact patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In caring for a child with sickle cell anemia, the correct intervention of encouraging fluid intake to prevent dehydration is crucial. Sickle cell anemia is a condition where the red blood cells are shaped abnormally, leading to blockages in blood flow, pain, and organ damage. Adequate hydration helps to prevent the sickled cells from clumping together and causing a sickle cell crisis. Option A is correct because maintaining hydration helps to keep the blood flowing smoothly, reducing the risk of complications. Option B, applying cold compresses, is not appropriate for sickle cell anemia as cold temperatures can exacerbate vasoconstriction and increase pain in affected areas. Option C, limiting activity, is not ideal as regular, moderate exercise is beneficial in managing sickle cell anemia by promoting blood circulation. Option D, providing high-protein snacks, is not the priority intervention in the care of a child with sickle cell anemia. While nutrition is important, hydration takes precedence in preventing complications associated with this condition. In an educational context, students need to understand the pathophysiology of sickle cell anemia and how interventions such as adequate hydration play a critical role in managing the condition and preventing complications. This rationale helps students grasp the importance of specific nursing interventions in the care of pediatric patients with respiratory disorders.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the assessment of a child with suspected hypoglycemia, the nurse would expect to see confusion and shakiness. This is because hypoglycemia, which is low blood sugar levels, can lead to neurological symptoms such as confusion and shakiness as the brain is deprived of its primary source of energy, glucose. Option A, increased appetite and irritability, is more indicative of hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels) rather than hypoglycemia. Option B, decreased heart rate and muscle weakness, are not typical signs of hypoglycemia as the body tends to respond to low blood sugar by increasing heart rate and causing tremors or shakiness. Option D, dry mouth and increased thirst, are more commonly associated with hyperglycemia as the body tries to eliminate excess sugar through increased thirst and urination. In an educational context, understanding the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients, especially those with diabetes or at risk for low blood sugar levels. Recognizing these symptoms promptly can help prevent serious complications and provide timely interventions to restore normal blood sugar levels.