A nurse is caring for a child with a suspected case of rotavirus. Which of the following interventions should be a priority?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In caring for a child with suspected rotavirus, the priority intervention is administering an oral rehydration solution (Option A). Rotavirus commonly causes severe diarrhea and vomiting, leading to dehydration. Oral rehydration solutions are crucial in replenishing lost fluids and electrolytes, preventing complications like electrolyte imbalances and hypovolemic shock. Providing intravenous fluids (Option B) may be necessary if the child is severely dehydrated or unable to tolerate oral fluids. However, oral rehydration is preferred as the initial intervention if the child can tolerate it. Administering antiemetic medications (Option C) may help control vomiting, but managing dehydration through fluid replacement is the priority in this scenario. Providing a high-fiber diet (Option D) is not appropriate during acute illness with diarrhea and vomiting, as fiber can exacerbate gastrointestinal symptoms and worsen dehydration. Educationally, understanding the importance of fluid and electrolyte balance in pediatric patients with viral gastroenteritis like rotavirus is essential for nurses. Recognizing the priority interventions based on the child's clinical presentation is crucial for providing safe and effective care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In caring for a pediatric patient suspected of having chickenpox (varicella), the correct precaution required is airborne with isolation room (Option C). This is because chickenpox is primarily transmitted through airborne particles when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Airborne precautions are necessary to prevent the spread of the virus to others. Standard precautions (Option A) are important in infection control but may not be sufficient for diseases like chickenpox that are spread through airborne routes. Contact precautions (Option B) are used for diseases spread by direct contact with the patient or their environment, which is not the primary mode of transmission for chickenpox. Droplet precautions (Option D) are used for diseases transmitted through respiratory droplets, but chickenpox is primarily spread through airborne particles. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate precautions for different infectious diseases is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care. Teaching students about the rationale behind each type of precaution helps them make informed decisions in clinical practice, ensuring the safety of both patients and healthcare providers.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option A) Embryonal. Tracheal stenosis is a congenital condition where there is a narrowing of the trachea that can lead to respiratory distress in newborns. This problem develops during the embryonal period of lung development, which occurs around weeks 3-7 of gestation. During this stage, the trachea and major bronchi are formed from the foregut and undergo critical development. Option B) Saccular refers to the stage around weeks 24-36 of gestation where saccules form, which will later develop into alveoli. Option C) Canalicular is the stage around weeks 16-24 where the bronchioles divide into smaller bronchioles. Option D) Alveolar is the final stage of lung development which occurs from week 36 to adolescence, where alveoli continue to develop and mature. Understanding the timing of lung development stages is crucial for healthcare providers, especially in pediatric nursing, as it helps in recognizing when certain respiratory conditions may have originated. Recognizing tracheal stenosis as an embryonal issue informs the appropriate interventions and treatments needed to manage respiratory distress in newborns.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Day 22. The fetal heartbeat can typically be detected around the 5th week of pregnancy, which is approximately day 22. This is due to the development of the baby's heart starting around day 21, with the heartbeat becoming strong enough to be heard on an ultrasound around day 22. Option A) Day 8 is too early for the fetal heartbeat to be detected as the heart has not yet developed at this point. Option C) Day 45 is past the typical timeframe for detecting the fetal heartbeat, as it is usually detectable before this time. Option D) Day 60 is also beyond the expected timeframe for detecting the fetal heartbeat, as it should be visible on ultrasound before this point. In an educational context, understanding the timeline of fetal development and when key milestones like the detection of the fetal heartbeat occur is crucial for healthcare providers, especially those working in prenatal care. This knowledge helps in providing accurate information to pregnant women and ensuring appropriate monitoring and care throughout the pregnancy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Infants born of mothers who smoke tend to be about 200 g lighter than infants born of mothers who do not smoke. This answer is based on research that shows a consistent trend in lower birth weights for babies born to smoking mothers. Smoking during pregnancy is known to restrict the flow of oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus, leading to intrauterine growth restriction and lower birth weights. Option B) Infants born of mothers who smoke are generally about 400 g lighter than infants born of nonsmoking mothers is incorrect because the average birth weight difference is closer to 200 g based on multiple studies and data analyses. Option C) Infants born of mothers who smoke are predisposed to weigh approximately 600 g less than infants born of mothers who do not smoke is incorrect as this weight difference is higher than what is typically observed in research studies. Option D) Infants of mothers who smoke are likely to be born about 800 g lighter than those born of mothers who do not smoke is incorrect as it overestimates the average birth weight difference seen in studies. In an educational context, understanding the impact of smoking on birth weight is crucial for healthcare providers working with pregnant women. This knowledge helps in promoting smoking cessation programs and providing appropriate prenatal care to improve outcomes for both the mother and the baby. It also highlights the importance of evidence-based practice and the need to stay updated on current research findings in maternal-child health.