A nurse is caring for a child with a history of seizures. The nurse should prioritize which of the following during a seizure?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Protecting the child from injury and maintaining airway patency. During a seizure, the nurse's priority is to ensure the safety of the child by preventing injury and maintaining a clear airway to support adequate oxygenation. This is crucial as seizures can lead to physical harm and compromised breathing, posing immediate threats to the child's well-being. Option A, administering a dose of antiepileptic medication, is important but not the priority during an active seizure. The focus should be on managing the acute situation first. Option B, restraint of the child to prevent injury, is not recommended as it can lead to further harm and is against the principles of providing safe and ethical care. Option C, positioning the child on their back to prevent aspiration, is also incorrect as placing a child on their back during a seizure can increase the risk of aspiration due to the potential obstruction of the airway by the tongue. Educationally, it is essential for nurses to prioritize interventions during emergencies such as seizures based on immediate threats to the patient's safety and physiological needs. By understanding the rationale behind prioritizing safety and airway management, nurses can provide effective and evidence-based care to pediatric patients experiencing seizures.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Increasing the child's fluid intake. This intervention is a priority because it helps to promote urinary tract health by increasing urine output, which can help flush out bacteria and prevent the recurrence of UTIs. By increasing fluid intake, the child will have more frequent urination, reducing the chances of bacteria multiplying in the urinary tract. Option A) Encouraging regular urination is important, but increasing fluid intake takes precedence as it directly impacts the urinary tract's ability to flush out bacteria. Regular urination is a supportive measure to maintain urinary tract health. Option C) Administering antibiotics as prescribed is necessary to treat existing UTIs, but it does not address the prevention aspect of recurring infections. Antibiotics treat the current infection but do not prevent future ones. Option D) Educating the child on proper hygiene practices is essential for preventing UTIs, but in this case, increasing fluid intake is more crucial as it directly affects the physiological process of flushing out bacteria from the urinary tract. Educationally, understanding the importance of adequate fluid intake in preventing UTIs is crucial for pediatric nurses. Teaching parents and children about the role of hydration in urinary tract health can empower them to take proactive steps in preventing infections. Nurses play a key role in educating families about simple yet effective strategies to promote children's urinary health, ultimately improving their overall well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Respiratory rate and oxygen saturation. Monitoring respiratory rate and oxygen saturation during an asthma attack is crucial as it provides essential information about the child's respiratory status and oxygenation levels. In asthma, the airways become inflamed and narrowed, leading to difficulty breathing and decreased oxygen levels. By monitoring respiratory rate, the nurse can assess the child's breathing pattern and identify any signs of respiratory distress. Oxygen saturation levels indicate how well the child's lungs are oxygenating the blood, which is vital for determining the severity of the asthma attack and the effectiveness of interventions. Option B) Body temperature and blood pressure are not typically the primary parameters to monitor during an asthma attack. Asthma is primarily a respiratory condition, so focusing on respiratory parameters is more relevant. Option C) Heart rate and reflexes, while important in assessing overall health, may not provide specific information related to respiratory distress in an asthma attack. Option D) Muscle strength and alertness are not directly related to monitoring respiratory status during an asthma attack. While changes in muscle strength or alertness could indicate distress, they are not the primary indicators of respiratory compromise in asthma. For nursing students preparing for the NCLEX, understanding the importance of monitoring respiratory rate and oxygen saturation in pediatric patients with asthma is essential for providing safe and effective care. By emphasizing these key parameters, nurses can promptly identify worsening respiratory status, intervene appropriately, and prevent complications associated with asthma exacerbations.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer to the question is B) Hand washing. This is because proper hand hygiene is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of communicable diseases. By washing hands regularly with soap and water or using hand sanitizer, the transmission of pathogens from person to person can be significantly reduced. Option A) Immunizations as secondary prevention are important in preventing specific diseases, but they are not the most important method for preventing the spread of communicable diseases in general. Immunizations protect individuals from contracting specific diseases but do not directly prevent the spread of all communicable diseases. Option C) Isolation from infectious agents is a control measure used in healthcare settings to prevent the spread of specific infections, but it is not a practical or feasible method for preventing the spread of all communicable diseases in the community at large. Option D) The use of appropriate broad-spectrum antibiotics is a treatment method for bacterial infections and should not be used as a primary prevention method for the spread of communicable diseases. Inappropriate use of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance and other negative consequences. In an educational context, it is essential to emphasize the importance of proper hand hygiene as a fundamental practice in preventing the spread of diseases, especially in pediatric populations who may be more vulnerable to infections. Teaching children and their caregivers about the correct way to wash hands and encouraging regular handwashing can have a significant impact on reducing the incidence of communicable diseases in the community.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Endoderm. During embryonic development, the respiratory system derives from the endoderm, one of the three primary germ layers. The endoderm gives rise to the epithelial lining of the respiratory tract, including the trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Understanding this developmental origin is crucial in pediatric respiratory nursing as it provides insights into the underlying anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system. Option B) Mesoderm is incorrect because it primarily gives rise to structures like muscles, bones, and connective tissues, not the respiratory system. Option C) Ectoderm forms structures like the skin, nervous system, and sensory organs, not the respiratory system. Option D) Periderm is not a recognized embryonic germ layer and is therefore an incorrect option. Educationally, knowing the embryonic origin of the respiratory system is foundational knowledge for pediatric nurses. This information helps in understanding how congenital respiratory conditions or malformations may arise and guides the nursing care provided to pediatric patients with respiratory issues. It underscores the interconnectedness of embryology, anatomy, and clinical practice in pediatric respiratory nursing.