A nurse is caring for a child with a history of asthma. The nurse should educate the parents on the importance of monitoring which of the following during an asthma attack?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Respiratory rate and oxygen saturation. Monitoring respiratory rate and oxygen saturation during an asthma attack is crucial as it provides essential information about the child's respiratory status and oxygenation levels. In asthma, the airways become inflamed and narrowed, leading to difficulty breathing and decreased oxygen levels. By monitoring respiratory rate, the nurse can assess the child's breathing pattern and identify any signs of respiratory distress. Oxygen saturation levels indicate how well the child's lungs are oxygenating the blood, which is vital for determining the severity of the asthma attack and the effectiveness of interventions. Option B) Body temperature and blood pressure are not typically the primary parameters to monitor during an asthma attack. Asthma is primarily a respiratory condition, so focusing on respiratory parameters is more relevant. Option C) Heart rate and reflexes, while important in assessing overall health, may not provide specific information related to respiratory distress in an asthma attack. Option D) Muscle strength and alertness are not directly related to monitoring respiratory status during an asthma attack. While changes in muscle strength or alertness could indicate distress, they are not the primary indicators of respiratory compromise in asthma. For nursing students preparing for the NCLEX, understanding the importance of monitoring respiratory rate and oxygen saturation in pediatric patients with asthma is essential for providing safe and effective care. By emphasizing these key parameters, nurses can promptly identify worsening respiratory status, intervene appropriately, and prevent complications associated with asthma exacerbations.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Endoderm. During embryonic development, the respiratory system derives from the endoderm, one of the three primary germ layers. The endoderm gives rise to the epithelial lining of the respiratory tract, including the trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Understanding this developmental origin is crucial in pediatric respiratory nursing as it provides insights into the underlying anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system. Option B) Mesoderm is incorrect because it primarily gives rise to structures like muscles, bones, and connective tissues, not the respiratory system. Option C) Ectoderm forms structures like the skin, nervous system, and sensory organs, not the respiratory system. Option D) Periderm is not a recognized embryonic germ layer and is therefore an incorrect option. Educationally, knowing the embryonic origin of the respiratory system is foundational knowledge for pediatric nurses. This information helps in understanding how congenital respiratory conditions or malformations may arise and guides the nursing care provided to pediatric patients with respiratory issues. It underscores the interconnectedness of embryology, anatomy, and clinical practice in pediatric respiratory nursing.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) II, III, and IV only. When a baby is born large for gestational age from a mother with gestational diabetes, metabolic disturbances to consider include hypoglycemia (II), hypocalcemia (III), and hypomagnesemia (IV). Hypoglycemia is common in infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes due to the baby's increased insulin production in response to high maternal blood glucose levels. Hypocalcemia can occur due to maternal hyperglycemia affecting the baby's parathyroid hormone levels. Hypomagnesemia may also be present as maternal hyperglycemia can lead to increased fetal magnesium loss. Option A (II and IV only) and Option B (I, II, and III only) are incorrect because they do not include hypocalcemia, which is a significant metabolic disturbance to consider in this situation. Option C (I and III only) is incorrect because it does not include hypoglycemia, a common metabolic issue in infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes. Understanding these metabolic disturbances is crucial for nurses caring for infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes as it helps in early detection, intervention, and prevention of complications. This knowledge is essential for nurses preparing for the NCLEX exam to ensure safe and effective pediatric respiratory nursing care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the management of preterm labor, tocolytic agents are used to inhibit uterine contractions and delay preterm birth. The correct answer is A) Magnesium sulfate. Magnesium sulfate is a commonly used tocolytic agent as it works by relaxing the smooth muscles of the uterus, thereby reducing contractions and delaying labor. It is considered safe and effective for this purpose. Option B) Sodium bicarbonate is incorrect as it is not a tocolytic agent. Sodium bicarbonate is typically used to treat metabolic acidosis or certain cases of drug overdose. Option C) Calcium carbonate is also incorrect as it is not used as a tocolytic agent. Calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine are sometimes used as tocolytics, but not calcium carbonate. Option D) Epinephrine is incorrect as it is a medication used for managing severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) or cardiac arrest, not for tocolysis. Educational Context: Understanding the appropriate use of tocolytic agents is crucial for nurses caring for pregnant women at risk of preterm labor. By knowing which medications are effective in delaying labor and the rationale behind their use, nurses can provide optimal care and support to both the mother and the unborn baby. Magnesium sulfate is a key medication in this context, and nurses need to be familiar with its administration, monitoring, and potential side effects to ensure safe and effective care for pregnant women experiencing preterm labor.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Intraoperative bladder or bowel injuries. This complication is associated with cesarean sections due to the surgical nature of the procedure. During a cesarean section, the surgeon must navigate through the abdominal cavity to reach the uterus, which puts the nearby structures such as the bladder and bowel at risk for injury. Option B) Endomyometriosis is incorrect because it is a condition characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium of the uterus, and it is not specifically associated with cesarean sections. Option C) Failure to progress in labor is incorrect because it refers to a situation where labor is not progressing as expected, leading to the need for interventions such as cesarean section, but it is not a maternal complication associated with cesarean sections per se. Option D) Placenta previa is incorrect because it is a condition where the placenta lies low in the uterus and covers part or all of the cervix, increasing the risk of bleeding during labor and delivery. While placenta previa can be a reason for a cesarean section, it is not a maternal complication specifically associated with cesarean sections. In an educational context, understanding the potential maternal complications associated with cesarean sections is crucial for nurses caring for postpartum mothers. It helps them anticipate and manage any postoperative complications effectively, ensuring the well-being of both the mother and the newborn. By knowing the risks and signs of complications such as intraoperative bladder or bowel injuries, nurses can provide comprehensive care and support to mothers recovering from cesarean sections.