A nurse is caring for a child who is recovering from a burn injury. Which of the following interventions should the nurse prioritize?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In caring for a child recovering from a burn injury, the priority intervention should be providing a high-protein diet to promote healing (Option A). This is because adequate protein intake is crucial for wound healing and tissue repair, especially in burn patients who have increased metabolic needs due to their injuries. Protein helps in rebuilding damaged tissues and supports the immune system during the healing process. Applying cool compresses (Option B) can provide comfort and help reduce pain temporarily, but it is not the priority over ensuring proper nutrition for healing. Administering pain medications (Option C) is important for managing pain, but it is not the priority intervention in this case. Pain relief can be optimized alongside the primary focus on nutrition. Performing frequent dressing changes (Option D) is necessary for wound care, but it is not as critical as ensuring the child receives adequate nutrition for optimal healing. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of prioritizing interventions based on the specific needs of pediatric patients recovering from burn injuries. It emphasizes the significance of nutritional support in promoting healing and underscores the nurse's role in providing holistic care to support the child's recovery process. Understanding these priorities is essential for nurses working in pediatric settings to optimize patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In caring for a child with a history of developmental delay, promoting early intervention and therapy (Option A) is crucial and the correct choice. Early intervention programs are designed to support children's development and address delays promptly, leading to better outcomes. By providing timely therapies and interventions, the nurse can help the child reach their full potential and improve their quality of life. Encouraging independent activities (Option B) can be beneficial for children's growth but may not be the priority for a child with developmental delays who may need more targeted support and guidance. Similarly, encouraging the child to attend school as early as possible (Option C) may not be the most suitable approach if the child requires specialized educational settings or interventions that are not available in a traditional school setting. Limiting social interactions to reduce frustration (Option D) is not recommended as social interactions are essential for a child's overall development, including communication skills, emotional regulation, and social understanding. Restricting social interactions could hinder the child's progress and well-being. In an educational context, understanding the unique needs of children with developmental delays is crucial for healthcare providers. By choosing the correct option, nurses can advocate for early interventions that will positively impact the child's development trajectory and overall well-being. Supporting families in accessing appropriate resources and therapies is also a key role of nurses in pediatric care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Social communication. The diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) include persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts. This encompasses challenges in social-emotional reciprocity, nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction, and developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships. Option A) Growth below the 5th percentile for height and weight is not a diagnostic criterion for autism. While some children with autism may also have growth issues, it is not a defining characteristic of the disorder. Option C) Gross motor development is not a primary diagnostic criteria for autism. Children with autism may vary in their gross motor skills, but this is not a core feature used to diagnose the condition. Option D) Parallel play refers to a stage of play development where children play alongside each other without engaging directly. While difficulties in social play may be observed in children with autism, it is not specific enough to be a sole diagnostic criterion. Educationally, understanding the specific diagnostic criteria for autism is essential for healthcare professionals working with children and families. By recognizing the core features of the disorder, nurses and other healthcare providers can facilitate early identification, appropriate referrals, and targeted interventions to support children with ASD and their families effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) About 250 to 300 ml. Rationale: In utero, fetal lung fluid is continuously secreted and reabsorbed to aid in the development of the fetal lungs. The approximate daily secretion of fetal lung fluid is about 250 to 300 ml. This fluid plays a crucial role in lung development by promoting the growth of alveoli and providing a medium for gas exchange. Option A) About 150 to 200 ml is incorrect because this amount is lower than the typical daily secretion of fetal lung fluid. Insufficient fluid secretion could hinder proper lung development. Option C) About 350 to 400 ml is incorrect as this amount is higher than the typical daily secretion of fetal lung fluid. Excessive fluid secretion could lead to potential issues such as pulmonary hypoplasia. Option D) About 450 to 500 ml is also incorrect as this amount is significantly higher than the actual daily secretion of fetal lung fluid. Excess fluid secretion could cause pulmonary edema and compromise lung development. Educational context: Understanding the physiology of fetal lung fluid secretion is essential for pediatric respiratory nurses. Knowledge of this process helps in providing optimal care for neonates with respiratory issues. By knowing the approximate daily secretion of fetal lung fluid, nurses can assess respiratory development and intervene promptly if any complications arise.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) 96 hours. The ductus arteriosus is a fetal blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, allowing blood to bypass the lungs. After birth, this vessel should begin to close within the first few hours due to the increase in oxygen levels in the blood. It usually takes about 72-96 hours (3-4 days) for the ductus arteriosus to completely close in a healthy newborn. Option A) 24 hours is too soon for complete closure as the process typically takes longer. Option B) 48 hours is also premature for complete closure. Option D) 1 week is too long for the closure of the ductus arteriosus in a healthy newborn. Understanding the timing of the closure of the ductus arteriosus is crucial for pediatric nurses as they care for newborns in the immediate postnatal period. Recognizing the normal timeline for this closure can help nurses identify potential issues such as persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus (PDA), which may require medical intervention. It is essential for pediatric nurses to have a solid understanding of neonatal cardiac physiology to provide safe and effective care to newborns.