A nurse is caring for a child who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The nurse should prioritize which of the following interventions?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In caring for a child receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN), it is crucial for the nurse to prioritize monitoring the child's blood glucose levels. This is because TPN is a high concentration of glucose and can lead to hyperglycemia if not properly monitored. Hyperglycemia can result in serious complications such as electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, and potential harm to vital organs. By closely monitoring blood glucose levels, the nurse can intervene promptly if any abnormalities are detected, thus ensuring the child's safety and well-being. Monitoring the child's blood pressure (option B) is important in general patient care; however, in the context of a child receiving TPN, monitoring blood glucose levels takes precedence due to the potential risks associated with hyperglycemia. Providing supplemental vitamin K (option C) is essential for patients on long-term TPN to prevent deficiencies; however, it is not the priority in this situation where immediate monitoring of blood glucose is crucial. Encouraging oral intake as soon as possible (option D) is not appropriate for a child receiving TPN as the primary source of nutrition is intravenous. Introducing oral intake prematurely can lead to complications and is not recommended until the healthcare team determines it is safe to do so. In an educational context, understanding the priority interventions in caring for a child on TPN is vital for nurses working in pediatric settings. This knowledge ensures safe and effective care delivery, promoting positive patient outcomes and minimizing potential complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option A) Embryonal. Tracheal stenosis is a congenital condition where there is a narrowing of the trachea that can lead to respiratory distress in newborns. This problem develops during the embryonal period of lung development, which occurs around weeks 3-7 of gestation. During this stage, the trachea and major bronchi are formed from the foregut and undergo critical development. Option B) Saccular refers to the stage around weeks 24-36 of gestation where saccules form, which will later develop into alveoli. Option C) Canalicular is the stage around weeks 16-24 where the bronchioles divide into smaller bronchioles. Option D) Alveolar is the final stage of lung development which occurs from week 36 to adolescence, where alveoli continue to develop and mature. Understanding the timing of lung development stages is crucial for healthcare providers, especially in pediatric nursing, as it helps in recognizing when certain respiratory conditions may have originated. Recognizing tracheal stenosis as an embryonal issue informs the appropriate interventions and treatments needed to manage respiratory distress in newborns.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Day 22. The fetal heartbeat can typically be detected around the 5th week of pregnancy, which is approximately day 22. This is due to the development of the baby's heart starting around day 21, with the heartbeat becoming strong enough to be heard on an ultrasound around day 22. Option A) Day 8 is too early for the fetal heartbeat to be detected as the heart has not yet developed at this point. Option C) Day 45 is past the typical timeframe for detecting the fetal heartbeat, as it is usually detectable before this time. Option D) Day 60 is also beyond the expected timeframe for detecting the fetal heartbeat, as it should be visible on ultrasound before this point. In an educational context, understanding the timeline of fetal development and when key milestones like the detection of the fetal heartbeat occur is crucial for healthcare providers, especially those working in prenatal care. This knowledge helps in providing accurate information to pregnant women and ensuring appropriate monitoring and care throughout the pregnancy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Infants born of mothers who smoke tend to be about 200 g lighter than infants born of mothers who do not smoke. This answer is based on research that shows a consistent trend in lower birth weights for babies born to smoking mothers. Smoking during pregnancy is known to restrict the flow of oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus, leading to intrauterine growth restriction and lower birth weights. Option B) Infants born of mothers who smoke are generally about 400 g lighter than infants born of nonsmoking mothers is incorrect because the average birth weight difference is closer to 200 g based on multiple studies and data analyses. Option C) Infants born of mothers who smoke are predisposed to weigh approximately 600 g less than infants born of mothers who do not smoke is incorrect as this weight difference is higher than what is typically observed in research studies. Option D) Infants of mothers who smoke are likely to be born about 800 g lighter than those born of mothers who do not smoke is incorrect as it overestimates the average birth weight difference seen in studies. In an educational context, understanding the impact of smoking on birth weight is crucial for healthcare providers working with pregnant women. This knowledge helps in promoting smoking cessation programs and providing appropriate prenatal care to improve outcomes for both the mother and the baby. It also highlights the importance of evidence-based practice and the need to stay updated on current research findings in maternal-child health.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of inducing labor in a woman at high risk for complications in the postpartum period, the most appropriate agent would be oxytocin (Option D). Oxytocin is a hormone that plays a crucial role in uterine contractions during labor and is commonly used to induce or augment labor in situations where it is deemed necessary for maternal or fetal well-being. The other options are not suitable for labor induction in this scenario: A) Magnesium sulfate is often used to prevent seizures in conditions like preeclampsia but is not typically used for labor induction. B) Aspirin is not used for labor induction and is contraindicated in pregnancy due to its potential to cause bleeding complications. C) Terbutaline is a tocolytic agent used to stop preterm labor contractions, not to induce labor. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate use of medications for labor induction is vital for healthcare professionals working in obstetrics. It is essential to consider the risks and benefits of each agent and choose the most appropriate one based on the specific clinical scenario to ensure the safety of both the mother and the baby. Understanding the mechanisms of action and indications for each medication is crucial for providing effective and safe care to pregnant women.