ATI RN
Pediatric Respiratory Assessment Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a child who is receiving chemotherapy. Which of the following is a priority nursing assessment for this child?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In caring for a child receiving chemotherapy, the priority nursing assessment is monitoring for signs of infection (Option A). Chemotherapy suppresses the immune system, increasing the child's susceptibility to infections. Early detection and prompt treatment of infections are crucial in preventing complications and improving outcomes in these vulnerable patients. Monitoring nutritional intake (Option B) is important for overall health but may not be the priority in this scenario. Assessing pain levels (Option C) is essential for holistic care but does not take precedence over infection monitoring. Monitoring for signs of bleeding (Option D) is important, but infections pose a more immediate threat to the child's well-being in this context. In an educational context, understanding the priorities in caring for pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy is vital for nurses. This knowledge ensures that interventions are focused on addressing the most critical needs first, promoting patient safety and well-being. Nurses must be adept at recognizing and responding to signs of infection promptly to provide optimal care for these vulnerable children.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a child who is receiving a blood transfusion. The nurse should be most concerned if the child develops which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the potential complications of blood transfusions is crucial for ensuring patient safety. The correct answer, option D, which is hypotension and tachycardia, is the most concerning because it indicates a severe transfusion reaction, specifically hemolytic reaction. This occurs when the child's immune system attacks the transfused blood cells, leading to a rapid breakdown of red blood cells, causing hypotension and tachycardia due to the release of inflammatory mediators. Option A, a mild rash, is typically seen in milder allergic reactions to blood transfusions and may not be life-threatening. Option B, fever and chills, can indicate a febrile non-hemolytic reaction, which is common but usually resolves with symptomatic treatment. Option C, mild nausea, can be a common side effect of transfusions and is usually managed symptomatically without major complications. Educationally, nurses need to be able to recognize and differentiate between various transfusion reactions to initiate prompt interventions. Understanding the signs and symptoms of severe reactions like hemolytic reactions (hypotension and tachycardia) is crucial for ensuring timely and appropriate care to prevent further complications and ensure positive patient outcomes. Regular training and education on transfusion reactions and their management are essential for pediatric nurses to provide safe and competent care to their young patients.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a child with a suspected diagnosis of intussusception. The nurse should expect which of the following findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A) Bilious vomiting and abdominal pain. Intussusception is a serious condition in which one part of the intestine slides into another, causing an obstruction. Bilious vomiting, which is vomiting of bile-stained fluid, and severe abdominal pain are classic symptoms of intussusception in children. These symptoms are indicative of a medical emergency that requires prompt evaluation and treatment to prevent complications like bowel ischemia or perforation. Option B) A history of constipation is incorrect because constipation is not typically associated with intussusception. While constipation can cause abdominal discomfort, it is not a specific symptom of intussusception. Option C) A history of frequent respiratory infections is also incorrect. Intussusception primarily affects the gastrointestinal system and does not present with symptoms related to respiratory infections. Option D) Decreased appetite and diarrhea are not typical findings in intussusception. While abdominal discomfort might lead to decreased appetite, diarrhea is not a common symptom associated with this condition. Educational Context: Understanding the signs and symptoms of intussusception is crucial for pediatric nurses to ensure timely recognition and intervention. By recognizing the hallmark symptoms of bilious vomiting and abdominal pain, nurses can advocate for prompt diagnostic testing and treatment, which can significantly impact the child's outcomes. This case highlights the importance of thorough pediatric respiratory assessments to differentiate between gastrointestinal emergencies like intussusception and other common pediatric conditions.
Question 4 of 5
The clinic nurse overhears school-age siblings tell their 6-year-old sister who is chronically ill, 'It isn't fair that you get everything just because you are sick'. Which is the nurse's best assessment of this situation?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A) Jealousy is a common reaction to the illness or hospitalization of a sibling. In this scenario, the nurse must recognize that feelings of jealousy, resentment, and unfairness are common among siblings of chronically ill children. It is crucial for the nurse to understand the emotional dynamics within the family to provide appropriate support and guidance. Option B is incorrect because it places the responsibility solely on the siblings to understand their sister's illness, overlooking the complex emotions and dynamics at play. Option C is incorrect as it makes unfounded assumptions about the siblings' character. Option D is incorrect as it oversimplifies the situation by attributing it solely to ineffective coping mechanisms within the family. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding psychosocial aspects of pediatric nursing. Nurses must be able to assess and address not only the physical needs of the child but also the emotional and social needs of the entire family unit. By recognizing and addressing common reactions like jealousy, nurses can provide holistic care and support to all family members involved.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association between oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time, with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by which amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for reduced quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interference with fetal breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid.