A nurse is caring for a child who is diagnosed with a viral upper respiratory infection. The nurse should explain that this condition is typically treated with

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Rest and hydration. When a child is diagnosed with a viral upper respiratory infection, antibiotics are not effective because antibiotics only work against bacterial infections, not viral ones. Antiviral medications are specifically designed to treat viral infections, but they are not typically used for common upper respiratory infections in children. Corticosteroids may be used in certain cases to reduce inflammation, but they are not the primary treatment for viral upper respiratory infections. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand the appropriate treatments for different types of infections to provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients. Teaching parents and caregivers about the importance of rest and hydration in managing viral upper respiratory infections helps them support their child's recovery at home. Nurses play a vital role in patient education, promoting healthy behaviors, and ensuring families have the knowledge they need to care for their children during illness.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Protecting the child from injury and maintaining airway patency. During a seizure, the nurse's priority is to ensure the safety of the child by preventing injury and maintaining a clear airway to support adequate oxygenation. This is crucial as seizures can lead to physical harm and compromised breathing, posing immediate threats to the child's well-being. Option A, administering a dose of antiepileptic medication, is important but not the priority during an active seizure. The focus should be on managing the acute situation first. Option B, restraint of the child to prevent injury, is not recommended as it can lead to further harm and is against the principles of providing safe and ethical care. Option C, positioning the child on their back to prevent aspiration, is also incorrect as placing a child on their back during a seizure can increase the risk of aspiration due to the potential obstruction of the airway by the tongue. Educationally, it is essential for nurses to prioritize interventions during emergencies such as seizures based on immediate threats to the patient's safety and physiological needs. By understanding the rationale behind prioritizing safety and airway management, nurses can provide effective and evidence-based care to pediatric patients experiencing seizures.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Clear mucus from the lungs. Rationale: Chest physiotherapy is a crucial part of the treatment plan for children with cystic fibrosis. This therapy involves various techniques such as percussion, vibration, and postural drainage to help loosen and clear the thick, sticky mucus that builds up in the lungs of individuals with cystic fibrosis. By clearing the mucus from the lungs, chest physiotherapy helps improve ventilation, reduce the risk of respiratory infections, and enhance overall lung function in these children. Option A) Improve the child's ability to breathe deeply is incorrect because while chest physiotherapy can indirectly help improve breathing by clearing the airways, its primary goal is to clear mucus rather than focusing on deep breathing techniques. Option B) Increase lung compliance is not the primary purpose of chest physiotherapy in cystic fibrosis. Lung compliance refers to the ability of the lungs to expand and contract, and while chest physiotherapy can help with lung function, its main aim in cystic fibrosis is mucus clearance. Option D) Strengthen the child's respiratory muscles is also not the main goal of chest physiotherapy in cystic fibrosis. While chest physiotherapy may provide some benefits to respiratory muscle strength, its primary focus is on clearing mucus from the lungs to improve respiratory function and prevent complications. Educational context: Understanding the rationale behind the use of chest physiotherapy in children with cystic fibrosis is essential for nurses and healthcare providers involved in the care of these patients. By educating parents about the importance of daily chest physiotherapy and its role in clearing mucus from the lungs, nurses can empower them to take an active role in managing their child's condition and promoting better respiratory health outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Increasing the child's fluid intake. This intervention is a priority because it helps to promote urinary tract health by increasing urine output, which can help flush out bacteria and prevent the recurrence of UTIs. By increasing fluid intake, the child will have more frequent urination, reducing the chances of bacteria multiplying in the urinary tract. Option A) Encouraging regular urination is important, but increasing fluid intake takes precedence as it directly impacts the urinary tract's ability to flush out bacteria. Regular urination is a supportive measure to maintain urinary tract health. Option C) Administering antibiotics as prescribed is necessary to treat existing UTIs, but it does not address the prevention aspect of recurring infections. Antibiotics treat the current infection but do not prevent future ones. Option D) Educating the child on proper hygiene practices is essential for preventing UTIs, but in this case, increasing fluid intake is more crucial as it directly affects the physiological process of flushing out bacteria from the urinary tract. Educationally, understanding the importance of adequate fluid intake in preventing UTIs is crucial for pediatric nurses. Teaching parents and children about the role of hydration in urinary tract health can empower them to take proactive steps in preventing infections. Nurses play a key role in educating families about simple yet effective strategies to promote children's urinary health, ultimately improving their overall well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Respiratory rate and oxygen saturation. Monitoring respiratory rate and oxygen saturation during an asthma attack is crucial as it provides essential information about the child's respiratory status and oxygenation levels. In asthma, the airways become inflamed and narrowed, leading to difficulty breathing and decreased oxygen levels. By monitoring respiratory rate, the nurse can assess the child's breathing pattern and identify any signs of respiratory distress. Oxygen saturation levels indicate how well the child's lungs are oxygenating the blood, which is vital for determining the severity of the asthma attack and the effectiveness of interventions. Option B) Body temperature and blood pressure are not typically the primary parameters to monitor during an asthma attack. Asthma is primarily a respiratory condition, so focusing on respiratory parameters is more relevant. Option C) Heart rate and reflexes, while important in assessing overall health, may not provide specific information related to respiratory distress in an asthma attack. Option D) Muscle strength and alertness are not directly related to monitoring respiratory status during an asthma attack. While changes in muscle strength or alertness could indicate distress, they are not the primary indicators of respiratory compromise in asthma. For nursing students preparing for the NCLEX, understanding the importance of monitoring respiratory rate and oxygen saturation in pediatric patients with asthma is essential for providing safe and effective care. By emphasizing these key parameters, nurses can promptly identify worsening respiratory status, intervene appropriately, and prevent complications associated with asthma exacerbations.