A nurse is caring for a 73-year-old patient with a renal dysfunction. When reviewing laboratory results for urethral obstruction related to prostatic enlargement. this patient, the nurse interprets the presence of which When planning this patients care, the nurse should be substances in the urine as most suggestive of aware of the consequent risk of what complication?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Urinary tract infection. In patients with urethral obstruction, the presence of substances in the urine such as bacteria, leukocytes, and nitrites indicates a high likelihood of urinary tract infection. The obstruction can lead to stasis of urine, providing an ideal environment for bacterial growth. This increases the risk of infection spreading to the kidneys, causing pyelonephritis or sepsis. Therefore, the nurse should be vigilant in monitoring for signs of infection and promptly initiate appropriate treatment to prevent complications. Summary: B: Potassium and sodium - While electrolyte imbalance can occur in renal dysfunction, it is not directly related to urethral obstruction or suggestive of a urinary tract infection. C: Enuresis - Enuresis refers to involuntary urination, which is not directly related to the presence of substances in the urine or indicative of urinary tract infection. D: Bicarbonate and urea - While these substances are relevant in assessing renal function, their

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Define hernia as a condition where an organ or fatty tissue protrudes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. Step 2: Emphasize the relevance to the patient's situation. Step 3: Clarify that an inguinal hernia specifically involves the intestines protruding through the inguinal canal in the groin area. Step 4: Explain that surgery may be needed to repair the hernia. Step 5: Stress the importance of seeking medical attention for proper evaluation and treatment. Summary: A: Incorrect - Dismissing the patient's concerns is not appropriate. B: Incorrect - Hernias are not typically related to prenatal growth abnormalities. C: Incorrect - The nurse can provide basic information about hernias without needing the physician to explain further.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Varicocele. Varicocele is a dilatation of the pampiniform plexus of veins within the scrotum. In this case, the soft, irregular mass that collapses when the patient is supine and refills when he is upright is characteristic of a varicocele due to the pooling of blood causing the mass to vary in size with position changes. A: Epididymitis typically presents with redness, warmth, and tenderness in the epididymis, not a soft, irregular mass. B: Spermatocele is a cystic mass that is typically painless and does not change in size with position changes. C: Testicular torsion presents with severe, sudden onset of testicular pain, swelling, and discoloration, not a soft, irregular mass that changes with position. In summary, the description of a soft, irregular mass that changes with position is consistent with a varicocele,

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Mycolic acid synthesis is inhibited by Ethambutol by targeting the enzyme arabinosyltransferase, essential for cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. Resistance develops slowly with Ethambutol, unlike other choices which target different pathways (A: Isoniazid - inhibits mycolic acid synthesis by targeting InhA enzyme, B: Rifampicin - inhibits RNA polymerase, C: Pyrazinamide - disrupts membrane potential). Ethambutol is essential in combination therapy to prevent resistance.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Minocycline. Minocycline has a higher potential for vestibular toxicity compared to other tetracyclines due to its greater lipid solubility, leading to increased penetration of the blood-brain barrier and inner ear. This can result in dizziness, vertigo, and imbalance. Choice A, Doxycycline, is less likely to cause vestibular toxicity since it has lower lipid solubility and reduced penetration into the inner ear. Choice B, Oxytetracycline, and Choice D, Demeclocycline, also have lower potential for vestibular toxicity compared to Minocycline due to similar reasons. Overall, Minocycline stands out as the correct answer due to its unique pharmacokinetic properties that predispose it to vestibular toxicity.