A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who is receiving chemotherapy. The nurse should assess for which of the following as a potential side effect of chemotherapy?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric oncology, it is crucial for nurses to understand the potential side effects of chemotherapy in children. The correct answer is B) Increased risk of infection. Chemotherapy drugs suppress the immune system, leading to a decreased ability to fight off infections. This places pediatric patients at a higher risk for developing infections, which can be life-threatening. Option A) Delayed wound healing is not typically a common side effect of chemotherapy in pediatric patients. Chemotherapy affects rapidly dividing cells, such as those in the bone marrow and gastrointestinal tract, rather than specifically targeting wound healing. Option C) Elevated blood pressure is not a common side effect of chemotherapy in pediatric patients. While some chemotherapy drugs may have cardiovascular side effects, elevated blood pressure is not a primary concern in this context. Option D) Excessive hair growth is not a side effect of chemotherapy; rather, chemotherapy often leads to hair loss due to its impact on rapidly dividing cells in hair follicles. Educationally, understanding the side effects of chemotherapy in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses providing care to this vulnerable population. Recognizing and managing potential complications, such as increased risk of infection, is essential to ensuring the best possible outcomes for children undergoing cancer treatment.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A) Bilious vomiting and abdominal pain. Intussusception is a serious condition in which one part of the intestine slides into another, causing an obstruction. Bilious vomiting, which is vomiting of bile-stained fluid, and severe abdominal pain are classic symptoms of intussusception in children. These symptoms are indicative of a medical emergency that requires prompt evaluation and treatment to prevent complications like bowel ischemia or perforation. Option B) A history of constipation is incorrect because constipation is not typically associated with intussusception. While constipation can cause abdominal discomfort, it is not a specific symptom of intussusception. Option C) A history of frequent respiratory infections is also incorrect. Intussusception primarily affects the gastrointestinal system and does not present with symptoms related to respiratory infections. Option D) Decreased appetite and diarrhea are not typical findings in intussusception. While abdominal discomfort might lead to decreased appetite, diarrhea is not a common symptom associated with this condition. Educational Context: Understanding the signs and symptoms of intussusception is crucial for pediatric nurses to ensure timely recognition and intervention. By recognizing the hallmark symptoms of bilious vomiting and abdominal pain, nurses can advocate for prompt diagnostic testing and treatment, which can significantly impact the child's outcomes. This case highlights the importance of thorough pediatric respiratory assessments to differentiate between gastrointestinal emergencies like intussusception and other common pediatric conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Jealousy is a common reaction to the illness or hospitalization of a sibling. In this scenario, the nurse must recognize that feelings of jealousy, resentment, and unfairness are common among siblings of chronically ill children. It is crucial for the nurse to understand the emotional dynamics within the family to provide appropriate support and guidance. Option B is incorrect because it places the responsibility solely on the siblings to understand their sister's illness, overlooking the complex emotions and dynamics at play. Option C is incorrect as it makes unfounded assumptions about the siblings' character. Option D is incorrect as it oversimplifies the situation by attributing it solely to ineffective coping mechanisms within the family. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding psychosocial aspects of pediatric nursing. Nurses must be able to assess and address not only the physical needs of the child but also the emotional and social needs of the entire family unit. By recognizing and addressing common reactions like jealousy, nurses can provide holistic care and support to all family members involved.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time, with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by which amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for reduced quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interference with fetal breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric respiratory assessment, understanding fetal circulation is crucial. The correct answer, option B (I, III, and IV only), includes the anatomic structures that are fetal shunts: I. Ductus arteriosus, III. Foramen ovale, and IV. Ductus venosus. Explanation: 1. Ductus arteriosus: Shunts blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the non-functional fetal lungs. 2. Foramen ovale: Allows blood to pass from the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing the non-functional fetal lungs. 3. Ductus venosus: Connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver. Educational Context: Understanding fetal shunts is essential for nurses assessing pediatric respiratory function. It helps in recognizing normal adaptations after birth and potential issues like persistent fetal circulation. Incorrect options lack these crucial fetal shunts or include non-shunting structures, emphasizing the significance of accurate anatomical knowledge in pediatric nursing practice.