A nurse is assisting with a vaginal delivery. What is the most important intervention when the head begins to crown?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: apply gentle downward pressure. This intervention helps prevent rapid delivery to avoid perineal tearing and allows controlled stretching of the perineum. Applying upward pressure (B) can increase the risk of tearing. Positioning (C) is important but not the most critical at this stage. Perineal massage (D) is typically done before crowning, not during.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: teach about signs of infection. This is the most important aspect of discharge teaching for a person who has had a cesarean section because infection is a common complication post-surgery. By educating the person on signs of infection such as fever, increased pain, redness, or discharge from the incision site, they can promptly seek medical attention if needed. Ensuring proper incision care (choice A) is important but preventing infection through early detection is crucial. Providing skin-to-skin contact (choice C) is beneficial for bonding but not directly related to post-cesarean care. Assessing for bleeding (choice D) is important but typically done in a healthcare setting post-surgery.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: apply gentle downward pressure. This intervention helps to control the speed of delivery, prevent rapid tearing of the perineum, and reduce the risk of maternal and fetal complications. Applying pressure can also help guide the baby's head to prevent sudden expulsion, allowing for a controlled delivery. Performing perineal massage (B) and assisting with perineal care (C) are important but not the most critical interventions at this stage. Applying a warm compress (D) may provide comfort but does not address the immediate need for controlled delivery.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A (administer antibiotics) Rationale: 1. Administering antibiotics targets potential infection-causing pathogens directly. 2. Antibiotics help prevent the spread of infection within the body. 3. Prophylactic antibiotics are commonly used postpartum for high-risk individuals. 4. This intervention directly addresses the root cause of infection risk. Summary: B: Applying a sterile dressing is important for wound care but doesn't target systemic infection risk. C: Performing a vaginal exam can introduce pathogens and increase infection risk. D: Administering pain relief is important for comfort but doesn't directly reduce infection risk.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In understanding fetal circulation, it is crucial to grasp the role of the umbilical cord. The correct answer is A) One umbilical vein. The umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood rich in nutrients from the placenta to the fetus. This blood nourishes the developing fetus and provides essential oxygen for its growth and development. Option B) Two umbilical veins is incorrect because typically there is only one umbilical vein in the umbilical cord. Having two umbilical veins would be a rare anatomical variation. Option C) One umbilical artery is incorrect because there are usually two umbilical arteries in the umbilical cord. These arteries carry deoxygenated blood and waste products from the fetus back to the placenta for exchange. Option D) Two umbilical arteries is incorrect due to the reasons mentioned above. Educationally, understanding fetal circulation is vital for healthcare professionals caring for pregnant patients. It helps in assessing fetal well-being during labor and delivery, as well as in identifying any potential issues that may arise. By knowing the correct pathway of blood flow in the umbilical cord, nurses can monitor fetal health and make informed clinical decisions to promote positive pregnancy outcomes.