A nurse is assisting a group of clients in an outpatient clinic. For which of the following clients should the nurse anticipate scheduling a colonoscopy?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because having a first-degree relative who died of colon cancer puts the client at an increased risk for developing colon cancer. This indicates the need for a colonoscopy for early detection and preventive measures. A: A 56-year-old who had a colonoscopy 6 years ago is not a priority for immediate scheduling. B: A 34-year-old with new onset constipation may require further assessment but not necessarily a colonoscopy. D: A 51-year-old attending an annual physical exam without additional risk factors does not warrant immediate colonoscopy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: adventitia. The esophagus lacks a serosa layer, so its outermost layer is called adventitia, which blends with surrounding connective tissue. The mucosa (A) is the innermost layer, submucosa (B) is between mucosa and muscular layers, and serosa (C) is a serous membrane covering organs in the abdominal cavity. Therefore, in the esophagus, the outer tunic is termed adventitia due to its connection with the surrounding tissues.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 12. Molars are the broad, flat teeth at the back of the mouth used for grinding food. In an adult, there are 12 molars - 3 on each side of the upper and lower jaws. This totals to 12 out of 32 teeth. Therefore, the correct answer is D. A: 2 - This is incorrect as it is too low for the number of molars in an adult. B: 4 - This is incorrect as it is too low for the number of molars in an adult. C: 8 - This is incorrect as it is too low for the number of molars in an adult.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: cardiac region. The region of the stomach around the opening from the esophagus is called the cardiac region because it is closest to the heart. The cardiac region is located near the top of the stomach, where the esophagus connects. This area contains the cardiac sphincter, which helps prevent backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus. The other choices are incorrect because: - A: pyloric region is located at the bottom of the stomach and connects to the small intestine. - B: body refers to the main central part of the stomach. - D: fundus is the upper portion of the stomach, above the cardiac region.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Brunner's glands produce mucus and are found in the duodenum. This is because mucus helps protect the duodenal lining from acidic chyme entering from the stomach. Choice A is incorrect as Brunner's glands do not produce hormones. Choice C is incorrect as enzymes are primarily produced by the pancreas and small intestine. Choice D is incorrect as Brunner's glands are not found in the ileum and do not produce mucus in that location.