A nurse is assessing the health needs of a rural community. Which factor should the nurse consider when planning care?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the prevalence of chronic diseases like hypertension directly impacts the health needs of the community. Understanding this helps the nurse prioritize preventive measures and tailored care. Choice A is incorrect because specialized healthcare services may not address the community's primary health concerns. Choice C is incorrect as the presence of a local hospital does not necessarily reflect the overall health needs of the community. Choice D is incorrect because while geographic location can influence access to care, it does not directly address the specific health needs of the population.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Promoting hand hygiene and vaccination. Hand hygiene reduces the spread of germs, while vaccination prevents the contraction and transmission of infectious diseases. Both methods are proven to be effective in reducing community transmission. Explanation: 1. Hand hygiene: Washing hands frequently with soap and water or using hand sanitizer can remove germs and prevent their transmission through direct contact. 2. Vaccination: Vaccines help individuals develop immunity to specific diseases, reducing the likelihood of contracting and spreading them within the community. Summary: B: Isolating infected individuals in hospitals is important for preventing the spread within healthcare settings, but it does not address community-wide transmission. C: Limiting travel to areas with outbreaks can help contain the spread in specific regions but may not be feasible for broader community protection. D: Encouraging individuals to self-diagnose illnesses is unreliable and may lead to incorrect self-treatment, potentially increasing the spread of infectious diseases.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because promoting healthy eating and physical activity in a supportive environment is crucial for addressing obesity in children. This approach focuses on long-term lifestyle changes, which are sustainable and beneficial for overall health. Encouraging parents to enforce strict dietary restrictions (A) may lead to negative outcomes like disordered eating habits. Recommending weight loss surgery (C) is extreme and not recommended for children unless in severe cases. Focusing solely on psychological factors (D) neglects the importance of diet and exercise in managing obesity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Domestic violence support groups. These groups provide a safe space for survivors to share experiences, receive emotional support, and learn coping strategies. Substance abuse counseling (A) may be needed for some survivors, but not all. Physical therapy (C) is more related to physical rehabilitation and not the primary concern for domestic violence survivors. Nutritional counseling (D) may be helpful, but addressing the emotional and psychological impact of domestic violence usually takes precedence.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The development of the smallpox vaccine. The smallpox vaccine, developed by Edward Jenner in the late 18th century, was a landmark event in public health that significantly reduced the incidence of smallpox. By introducing a weakened form of the smallpox virus into the body, the immune system was able to produce antibodies to fight off the virus, leading to immunity. This breakthrough led to the eventual eradication of smallpox worldwide in 1980. A: The invention of the microscope is not directly related to reducing the incidence of smallpox. B: The discovery of antibiotics is important in treating bacterial infections, not viral diseases like smallpox. D: The establishment of the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) is crucial for public health, but it did not directly reduce the incidence of smallpox.