A nurse is assessing a pregnant patient at 18 weeks gestation who complains of feeling lightheaded when standing. What should the nurse advise the patient to do?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because changing positions slowly helps prevent a sudden drop in blood pressure, which can cause lightheadedness. Sitting down immediately if feeling faint promotes safety and prevents falls. Taking deep breaths and lying flat on the back (choice A) can exacerbate lightheadedness by reducing blood flow to the brain. Increasing fluid intake and avoiding prolonged standing (choice B) may help with other issues but may not directly address the lightheadedness. Taking frequent rests while sitting upright (choice C) does not address the issue of changing positions slowly to prevent lightheadedness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assess the patient's blood pressure and check for signs of preeclampsia. Sudden and severe headaches in a pregnant patient could indicate preeclampsia, a serious condition characterized by high blood pressure. The nurse's priority is to assess for signs of preeclampsia to ensure the safety of both the mother and the baby. Encouraging rest or a warm shower, administering pain medication, or advising hydration do not address the potential underlying issue of preeclampsia and could delay necessary medical intervention.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sleep with several pillows to elevate the upper body. Elevating the upper body with pillows can help relieve discomfort from heartburn, shortness of breath, and back pain commonly experienced during pregnancy. This position promotes better circulation and reduces pressure on the uterus. Incorrect choices: A: Taking a warm bath may help relax but does not address the underlying sleep issues. B: Sleeping on the back can compress major blood vessels, leading to decreased blood flow to the fetus. D: Taking sedatives is not recommended during pregnancy due to potential risks to the fetus.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the sudden increase in vaginal discharge at 40 weeks gestation could indicate the onset of labor. Checking for signs of labor, such as contractions and assessing fetal heart rate, is crucial to determine if the patient is in active labor. This helps in timely intervention and ensuring the well-being of both the mother and baby. Summary: - Choice B: Encouraging rest and monitoring changes in discharge may not address the urgency of the situation. - Choice C: Performing a pelvic exam without assessing signs of labor or fetal well-being may delay necessary actions. - Choice D: While reporting to the healthcare provider is important, immediate assessment of labor signs and fetal heart rate takes precedence.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer, B, is appropriate because it emphasizes the importance of consulting with a healthcare provider to ensure the safety of prescription medications during pregnancy. This step is crucial as healthcare providers can assess the risks versus benefits of medication use in pregnancy and provide personalized recommendations. Choice A is incorrect as some medications may be necessary for the health of the mother and baby. Choice C is incorrect as not all prescription medications are safe during pregnancy. Choice D is incorrect as the safety of prescription medications in pregnancy is not solely determined by whether they are over-the-counter or not. Consulting with a healthcare provider is the best course of action to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the baby.