A nurse is assessing a patient who reports feelings of worthlessness and difficulty concentrating. The nurse recognizes that these symptoms are commonly associated with:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (Major depressive disorder). Symptoms of worthlessness and difficulty concentrating are hallmark features of major depressive disorder. Worthlessness is a common symptom of low self-esteem and negative self-perception associated with depression. Difficulty concentrating is a cognitive symptom often seen in depression due to impaired focus and attention. Schizophrenia (A) is characterized by hallucinations and delusions. Bipolar disorder (C) involves mood swings between mania and depression. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (D) is characterized by intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors. Therefore, the symptoms described align most closely with major depressive disorder.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the statement indicates the patient is having thoughts about how others would be better off without them, which is a significant red flag for suicidal ideation. This statement reflects feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness. Incorrect choices: A: This statement reflects a sense of loss of identity but does not directly indicate suicidal ideation. B: This statement reflects anhedonia, or the inability to experience pleasure, which is a symptom of depression but not necessarily indicative of suicidal thoughts. D: Excessive crying can be a symptom of depression but does not specifically point towards suicidal ideation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The patient is displaying symptoms consistent with PTSD, including avoidance (avoiding thoughts or feelings related to the trauma), hyperarousal (being easily startled or on edge), and intrusive thoughts (recurring, distressing memories of the trauma). Major depressive disorder (A) involves persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest, not specific to a traumatic event. Generalized anxiety disorder (C) involves excessive worry and anxiety about various events, not necessarily tied to a specific traumatic event. Bipolar disorder (D) involves mood swings between mania and depression, not specific to symptoms seen in PTSD.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it promotes patient-centered care by acknowledging the patient's concerns and involving them in finding a solution. This approach fosters trust, improves adherence, and ensures the patient's well-being. Option A is incorrect as stopping medication abruptly can be dangerous. Option B may not always be true and can dismiss the patient's worries. Option D is incorrect as not all side effects are normal, and blindly continuing medication can be harmful.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because encouraging the patient to engage in deep breathing exercises is an evidence-based intervention for managing anxiety. Deep breathing helps activate the body's relaxation response, calming the nervous system and reducing anxiety symptoms. It is a non-invasive, simple technique that can be done anywhere. Choice A is incorrect because forcing a patient to face their fears immediately can escalate their anxiety. Choice B, while providing reassurance is important, may not address the underlying anxiety effectively. Choice D is incorrect as ignoring the patient's anxiety can lead to worsening symptoms and poor patient outcomes.