A nurse is assessing a group of clients for hospice services. The nurse should recommend hospice care for which of the following clients?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because hospice care is focused on providing comfort and support for individuals with terminal illnesses, such as cancer, who are nearing the end of their life. Clients in hospice care often require assistance with pain management to ensure their comfort and quality of life. Choice A is incorrect because diabetes mellitus with difficulty self-administering insulin due to poor eyesight does not meet the criteria for hospice care. Choice C is incorrect because recovering from a stroke and needing care while the spouse is at work does not indicate a terminal illness requiring hospice services. Choice D is incorrect because dementia and needing help with activities of daily living, while challenging, do not necessarily indicate a terminal condition warranting hospice care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why B is correct: 1. Validity in research refers to the accuracy of the measure in assessing what it intends to measure. 2. Accurate measures ensure that the data collected reflects the true characteristics of the variables being studied. 3. If a measure is not accurate, the results may be misleading or invalid. 4. Therefore, the accuracy of the measure (choice B) is crucial to ensure the validity of the research findings. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A: The consistency of the measure (choice A) refers to reliability, not validity. C: The reliability of the sample (choice C) is related to replicability and stability, not validity. D: The degree to which data supports a hypothesis (choice D) relates to the strength of evidence, not the accuracy of the measure.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Experimental research design. This design is most appropriate for investigating cause-and-effect relationships because it involves manipulating an independent variable to observe the effect on a dependent variable, allowing for establishing causal relationships. Descriptive research (A) is used to describe characteristics of a population but does not establish causation. Correlational research (B) examines relationships between variables but does not determine causation. Qualitative research (D) focuses on exploring attitudes, beliefs, and experiences but does not typically investigate cause-and-effect relationships.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Nonmaleficence. The nurse is upholding the ethical principle of nonmaleficence by protecting the surgeon's right to privacy and confidentiality. By refusing to disclose the medical diagnosis, the nurse is preventing potential harm or breach of trust. This aligns with the ethical duty to do no harm and prioritize the well-being and autonomy of the patient. Summary of other choices: A: Utility focuses on maximizing overall good outcomes, not relevant in this scenario. B: Paternalism involves making decisions for the patient's best interest without their input, not applicable in this situation. C: Justice pertains to fairness and equitable treatment, not directly related to the nurse's response in maintaining confidentiality.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it is recommended to change toothbrushes every 3 months to maintain effective cleaning and prevent bacterial buildup. Regularly changing toothbrushes ensures the bristles remain firm and effective in removing plaque and bacteria. Choice B of changing toothbrushes every birthday is not as precise and may result in using a worn-out toothbrush. Choices C and D are left blank as they are irrelevant and not related to the recommended practice of changing toothbrushes regularly.