A nurse is assessing a dark-skinned client for pallor. What nursing assessment is best to assess for pallor in this client?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assess the conjunctiva of the eye. The conjunctiva is a thin, transparent layer covering the white part of the eye. Pallor, which is paleness of the skin or mucous membranes, is more easily observed in the conjunctiva of the eye in dark-skinned individuals. This area provides a contrast to the skin tone, making it easier to detect subtle changes in color. Assessing the conjunctiva allows for a more accurate evaluation of pallor in dark-skinned clients compared to other areas like the palm, mouth, or palpation for swelling, which may not provide as clear of an indication of pallor.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Crimean Congo virus. This is because Crimean Congo virus is a tick-borne virus known to cause acute viral hemorrhagic fever. Tick bite history increases suspicion for this virus. A: Hantavirus is transmitted through rodent feces and urine. B: Rift Valley virus is transmitted through mosquito bites. D: Marburg virus is transmitted through contact with infected animals.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Factor VIII. Factor VIII is not dependent on vitamin K for its synthesis, so its levels will not be affected by vitamin K deficiency. Factor II, VII, and IX are all vitamin K-dependent factors, so their levels will decrease with vitamin K deficiency, leading to impaired blood clotting. This is due to the role of vitamin K in the post-translational modification of these factors, which is necessary for their activation. Therefore, Factor VIII is the only factor that will not be affected by vitamin K deficiency.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lymphocyte count. In the International Prognostic Index for Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma, the criteria are based on the number of extranodal sites, LDH level, and performance status. Lymphocyte count is not included in the IPI criteria because it does not play a significant role in predicting the prognosis of Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Lymphocyte count is not a commonly used parameter in prognostic scoring systems for this type of cancer. Therefore, the absence of lymphocyte count as a criteria in the IPI is justified.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Basophilic stippling. Hookworm infection can lead to anemia due to chronic blood loss. Basophilic stippling is a characteristic finding in the peripheral blood smear of patients with iron deficiency anemia, which can result from hookworm infection. Basophilic stippling represents the aggregation of ribosomes and is seen in erythrocytes that contain denatured ribosomal RNA. Howell-Jolly bodies are remnants of nuclear material and are typically seen in patients with functional asplenia. Target cells are seen in conditions like liver disease or hemoglobinopathies. Spherocytes are seen in immune hemolytic anemias.